{"id":8855,"date":"2026-05-17T10:43:41","date_gmt":"2026-05-17T08:43:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=8855"},"modified":"2026-05-17T10:43:41","modified_gmt":"2026-05-17T08:43:41","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Catastrophe climatique en Afrique : les for\u00eats, autrefois poumons de la plan\u00e8te, deviennent une source de carbone."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par Omnia Hassan<\/p>\n

Une \u00e9tude internationale publi\u00e9e dans la revue Scientific Reports a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 que les for\u00eats africain<\/a>\u00a0Le continent, longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un r\u00e9servoir naturel de dioxyde de carbone, ne joue plus ce r\u00f4le comme auparavant. Au contraire, il a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 lib\u00e9rer plus de carbone qu'il n'en absorbe. Cette \u00e9volution inqui\u00e9tante menace l'une des plus importantes lignes de d\u00e9fense naturelles contre le changement climatique et place le continent face \u00e0 un d\u00e9fi environnemental sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n

L'\u00e9tude a \u00e9t\u00e9 men\u00e9e par des chercheurs des universit\u00e9s de Leicester, de Sheffield et d'\u00c9dimbourg, qui ont utilis\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es satellitaires et des techniques d'apprentissage automatique pour suivre l'\u00e9volution du couvert forestier et de la biomasse des arbres sur plus d'une d\u00e9cennie.<\/p>\n

De l'absorption \u00e0 l'\u00e9mission<\/h2>\n

Pendant longtemps, les for\u00eats ont contribu\u00e9 Afrique<\/a> Ses savanes absorbent environ 201\u00a0030 milliards de tonnes de carbone \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la photosynth\u00e8se, notamment dans les for\u00eats tropicales du bassin du Congo. Entre 2007 et 2010, le continent a gagn\u00e9 environ 439 millions de tonnes par an de biomasse a\u00e9rienne.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mais la situation a chang\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 2010\u00a0; la biomasse a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 diminuer de 132 millions de tonnes par an entre 2010 et 2015, et ce d\u00e9clin s\u2019est poursuivi par la suite. Selon l\u2019\u00e9tude, l\u2019Afrique a perdu environ 106 milliards de kilogrammes de biomasse par an entre 2010 et 2017, un indicateur clair de la diminution des stocks de carbone.<\/p>\n

Points chauds : Congo, Madagascar et Afrique de l'Ouest<\/h2>\n

La d\u00e9forestation et la d\u00e9gradation des for\u00eats sont concentr\u00e9es en R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo, \u00e0 Madagascar et dans certaines r\u00e9gions d'Afrique de l'Ouest. Rien qu'en 2024, la R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo a perdu environ 590\u00a0000 hectares de for\u00eat vierge, un record absolu. Les incendies contribuent \u00e9galement de plus en plus \u00e0 la destruction des for\u00eats tropicales.<\/p>\n

Les technologies de surveillance avanc\u00e9es r\u00e9v\u00e8lent le point de basculement<\/h2>\n

Les chercheurs se sont appuy\u00e9s sur des images satellites et une analyse algorithmique pour mesurer la biomasse a\u00e9rienne, un indicateur direct de la quantit\u00e9 de carbone stock\u00e9e dans les plantes, et les r\u00e9sultats ont montr\u00e9 un tournant d\u00e9cisif\u00a0: les for\u00eats qui absorbaient du carbone en perdaient d\u00e9sormais plus vite qu\u2019elles n\u2019en gagnaient.<\/p>\n

Un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mondial qui ne se limite pas \u00e0 l'Afrique<\/h2>\n

Ce changement ne se limite pas \u00e0 l'Afrique\u00a0; certaines parties de la for\u00eat tropicale australienne, ainsi que des zones de l'Amazonie, sont pass\u00e9es de puits de carbone \u00e0 \u00e9metteurs de carbone en raison de la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures, de la s\u00e9cheresse et des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. Les donn\u00e9es indiquent que les for\u00eats primaires de l'Amazonie br\u00e9silienne ont vu leur contribution aux pertes de carbone passer de 331\u00a0TP3T dans les ann\u00e9es\u00a01990 \u00e0 761\u00a0TP3T au cours de la deuxi\u00e8me d\u00e9cennie des ann\u00e9es\u00a02000.<\/p>\n

Alerte pr\u00e9coce pour sauver les \u201c poumons de la Terre \u201d<\/h2>\n

L\u2019\u00e9tude met en garde contre le risque que la poursuite de cette voie ne compromette les efforts mondiaux de lutte contre le changement climatique. Prot\u00e9ger les for\u00eats africaines n\u2019est plus seulement une option environnementale, mais une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 climatique urgente pour pr\u00e9server l\u2019\u00e9quilibre carbone de la plan\u00e8te.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 Scientific Reports \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0646\u0627 \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0639\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0623\u0643\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0628\u062f\u0623\u062a \u062a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u062a\u0635 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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8857,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,217],"tags":[284,3377,2941,73,3378,1421],"class_list":["post-8855","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports","category-slider","tag-284","tag-3377","tag-2941","tag-73","tag-3378","tag-1421"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0631\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u062e \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627.. \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0646 - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0643\u0634\u0641\u062a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0634\u0631\u062a \u0641\u064a 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