{"id":7703,"date":"2026-05-10T19:21:05","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T17:21:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=7703"},"modified":"2026-05-10T19:21:05","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T17:21:05","slug":"%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7-50-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a8%d9%84%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b9%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%87%d8%a7-50-%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%85%d9%8b%d8%a7-%d8%a3%d9%83%d8%ab%d8%b1\/","title":{"rendered":"Une ville d'Afrique du Sud, vieille de 50 ans, est l'endroit le plus pollu\u00e9 au monde."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/p>\n

Secunda, dans la province sud-africaine de Mpumalanga, abrite la plus grande source unique d'\u00e9missions de dioxyde de carbone au monde, les activit\u00e9s de Sasol dans la r\u00e9gion produisant plus de dioxyde de carbone que des pays entiers.<\/p>\n

Secanda a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite pour desservir la deuxi\u00e8me usine de liqu\u00e9faction du charbon de Sasol, lorsque le pays a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9duire sa d\u00e9pendance au p\u00e9trole import\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la crise p\u00e9troli\u00e8re de 1973.<\/p>\n

\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627
Secanda dans la province de Mpumalanga, Afrique du Sud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 1974, Sasol a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper la ville de Secanda, et elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement d\u00e9clar\u00e9e ville en 1976, la m\u00eame ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 son premier habitant s'y est install\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Complexe Sasol et mines de charbon adjacentes<\/h3>\n

La ville approvisionne \u00e0 la fois le complexe Sasol et les mines de charbon adjacentes. Elle compte plus de 40\u00a0000 habitants, tandis que plus de 28\u00a0000 personnes travaillent sur le site de Sasol.<\/p>\n

Outre Sasol, la ville dispose de nombreuses infrastructures, notamment le centre commercial Seconda Mall, des \u00e9coles (dont l'\u00e9cole Koro), un parc aquatique, un h\u00f4tel, un casino et le Graceland Country Club.<\/p>\n

La ville voisine d'Impalainhelley, cr\u00e9\u00e9e comme township r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux Noirs \u00e0 Seconda pendant l'apartheid des ann\u00e9es 1970, compte environ 250 000 habitants.<\/p>\n

\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627
Secanda dans la province de Mpumalanga, Afrique du Sud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Comme l'a rapport\u00e9 MyBroadband, la ville a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9e d'apr\u00e8s l'usine Sasol 2, une usine de conversion du charbon en liquides en Afrique du Sud, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 construite autour d'elle, en hommage \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re usine de Sasolburg.<\/p>\n

Sasol utilise du monoxyde de carbone et de l'hydrog\u00e8ne, produits \u00e0 partir de charbon par gaz\u00e9ification, puis traite ces gaz pour produire du carburant synth\u00e9tique, contribuant \u00e0 hauteur d'environ 301 TP3T \u00e0 l'approvisionnement en carburant liquide du pays.<\/p>\n

Seconda d\u00e9pend du charbon<\/h2>\n

Bloomberg a soulign\u00e9 que la d\u00e9pendance de Secanda au charbon comme principale mati\u00e8re premi\u00e8re en fait le plus grand \u00e9metteur mondial de dioxyde de carbone. En 2023, Sasol a \u00e9mis 64\u00a0000 kilotonnes de dioxyde de carbone.<\/p>\n

Sasol a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9e parmi les 57 entreprises mondiales responsables de 801 TP3T d'\u00e9missions mondiales de dioxyde de carbone au cours de la p\u00e9riode 2016-2022, selon le rapport Carbon Majors, se classant au 56e rang mondial.<\/p>\n

\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627
Secanda dans la province de Mpumalanga, Afrique du Sud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bloomberg a not\u00e9 que les activit\u00e9s de Secunda \u00e0 elles seules produisaient des \u00e9missions sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles de plus de 100 pays dans le monde, dont la Norv\u00e8ge, un important pays producteur de p\u00e9trole.<\/p>\n

Un autre acteur international est sous les projecteurs.<\/p>\n

Alors que les activit\u00e9s de Sasol \u00e0 Seconda font l'objet d'une surveillance continue depuis des ann\u00e9es, celles d'Air Liquide dans cette ville sont d\u00e9sormais \u00e9galement sous le feu des projecteurs.<\/p>\n

En 2021, Air Liquide a rachet\u00e9 \u00e0 Sasol le plus grand site de production d'oxyg\u00e8ne au monde, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 Secunda. Cet oxyg\u00e8ne est utilis\u00e9 dans le processus de gaz\u00e9ification pour transformer le charbon en gaz.<\/p>\n

Secteur des gaz industriels<\/h3>\n

Just Share, une organisation d'investissement responsable, a soulign\u00e9 que le secteur des gaz industriels en Afrique du Sud reste largement absent des discussions climatiques grand public.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 son r\u00f4le dans les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s \u00e9nergivores et sa contribution \u00e0 l'augmentation des \u00e9missions dans de nombreuses industries lourdes, ce secteur reste largement m\u00e9connu, selon Just Share, car il op\u00e8re en grande partie dans l'ombre.<\/p>\n

Just Share a \u00e9galement reproch\u00e9 \u00e0 Air Liquide de ne pas avoir pris un engagement clair en faveur de l'int\u00e9r\u00eat public dans son accord de 2021 avec Sasol.<\/p>\n

Air Liquide a pris le contr\u00f4le op\u00e9rationnel complet de 17 unit\u00e9s de s\u00e9paration d'air dans son syst\u00e8me de production d'oxyg\u00e8ne Seconda, s'engageant \u00e0 r\u00e9duire ses \u00e9missions de 301 TP3T d'ici 2031, 2020 \u00e9tant consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme l'ann\u00e9e de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence.<\/p>\n

Just Share a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u201c Le chiffre de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence et les rapports annuels de conformit\u00e9 relatifs \u00e0 cet engagement n'ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 rendus publics, ce qui rend structurellement impossible toute v\u00e9rification ind\u00e9pendante des progr\u00e8s accomplis. \u201d.<\/p>\n

Elle a ajout\u00e9 : \u201c Si les gaz industriels constituent l\u2019\u00e9pine dorsale cach\u00e9e des processus industriels lourds, leurs \u00e9missions \u2013 et leur r\u00f4le dans le fonctionnement d\u2019autres industries \u00e0 forte intensit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9missions \u2013 ne peuvent \u00eatre n\u00e9glig\u00e9es. \u201d.<\/p>\n

De plus, bien que l'entreprise ait d\u00e9pass\u00e9 l'objectif initial de 900 m\u00e9gawatts en mati\u00e8re d'\u00e9nergies renouvelables fix\u00e9 par le Tribunal de la concurrence, ces niveaux ne repr\u00e9sentent qu'une petite fraction de sa capacit\u00e9 de production.<\/p>\n

Selon Just Share, le facteur de charge moyen de l'entreprise pour l'\u00e9nergie renouvelable n'est que de 30 \u00e0 35% pour l'\u00e9nergie \u00e9olienne et de 19 \u00e0 21% pour l'\u00e9nergie solaire.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\u0633\u064a\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0627
Secanda dans la province de Mpumalanga, Afrique du Sud<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Le site fonctionnant 24h\/24, l'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 produite \u00e0 partir de charbon par Eskom est indispensable pour alimenter une centrale d'une capacit\u00e9 de 651 \u00e0 801 tonnes par heure. Des militants ont \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 qu'Air Liquide ne dispose d'aucun plan de transition r\u00e9gional pour l'Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

7 unit\u00e9s \u00e0 vapeur<\/h3>\n

Ils ont ajout\u00e9 que les op\u00e9rations d'Air Liquide \u00e0 Seconda sont confront\u00e9es aux risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la d\u00e9pendance au charbon de deux mani\u00e8res : sept unit\u00e9s \u00e0 vapeur qui d\u00e9pendent du charbon et dix unit\u00e9s \u00e9lectriques qui d\u00e9pendent du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique sud-africain, qui est 80% d\u00e9pendant du charbon.<\/p>\n

\u201c La transparence est essentielle. La publication de rapports sur les \u00e9missions par site, la d\u00e9finition d'\u00e9tapes cl\u00e9s claires et la divulgation publique du respect des exigences d'int\u00e9gration permettraient aux investisseurs, aux organismes de r\u00e9glementation et aux citoyens d'\u00e9valuer les progr\u00e8s accomplis. \u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c Sans ces mesures, la plus importante source d\u2019\u00e9missions au monde risque de rester inconnue. \u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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