{"id":6365,"date":"2026-05-03T23:01:30","date_gmt":"2026-05-03T21:01:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=6365"},"modified":"2026-05-03T23:01:30","modified_gmt":"2026-05-03T21:01:30","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ba-%d8%a8%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%b6%d8%ae%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d8%a8%d8%ba-%d8%a8%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%a7%d8%ac-%d8%b6%d8%ae%d9%85-%d9%8a%d9%87%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%ad%d8%a9-%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"Tabac au Malawi\u00a0: une production massive menace la sant\u00e9 et ne r\u00e9pond pas aux attentes des citoyens"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Mohamed Abdellah<\/strong><\/p>\n

C'est Malawi<\/strong><\/a> Il s'agit de l'un des plus grands exportateurs de feuilles de tabac en Afrique, produisant en 2015 22,61 TP3T de la production totale de feuilles de tabac du continent.<\/p>\n

\"\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629
Culture du tabac au Malawi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Consommation de tabac au Malawi<\/h3>\n

Le tabac est l'une des principales causes de d\u00e9forestation au Malawi. Les ministres du gouvernement ont qualifi\u00e9 le tabac de culture strat\u00e9gique pour le pays et ont plaid\u00e9 pour la poursuite des investissements dans sa production. Cependant, les recettes d'exportation des feuilles de tabac ont fortement diminu\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\"<\/p>\n

Trois des quatre plus grandes soci\u00e9t\u00e9s transnationales de tabac \u2013 Philip Morris International (PMI), Imperial Brands et British American Tobacco (BAT) \u2013 ach\u00e8tent des feuilles de tabac aupr\u00e8s des principaux distributeurs de feuilles du pays, Universal Leaf (connu au Malawi sous le nom de Limbe Leaf) et Alliance One, tandis que Japan Tobacco International (JTI) ach\u00e8te ses propres feuilles de tabac dans le pays.<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a<\/p>\n

La China National Tobacco Corporation (CNTC), la plus grande entreprise de tabac au monde, ach\u00e8te \u00e9galement de petites quantit\u00e9s de tabac aupr\u00e8s de Limby Leaf et d'Alliance One, des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es dans l'achat de feuilles de tabac. .<\/p>\n

\"\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629
Le tabac au Malawi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Euromonitor International a estim\u00e9 la valeur du march\u00e9 de la cigarette au Malawi en 2018 \u00e0 environ 101,9 millions de dollars am\u00e9ricains, pour un nombre de cigarettes de 2\u00a0408,9 millions. .<\/p>\n

En 2018, le Parlement malawite a adopt\u00e9 le projet de loi sur l'industrie du tabac afin de moderniser la loi de 1970 sur le tabac et d'emp\u00eacher les entreprises du secteur d'exploiter les agriculteurs, mais cette loi n'est pas une loi antitabac.<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a
Le tabac au Malawi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Comme l'ont soulign\u00e9 des chercheurs du Centre de recherche et de d\u00e9veloppement agricole de Lilongwe dans l'Atlas du tabac, bien que la loi soit pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme une mesure de protection des agriculteurs, nombre d'entre eux estiment qu'elle leur nuit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 davantage qu'auparavant. En effet, cette loi vise \u00e0 r\u00e9glementer et moderniser la culture du tabac ainsi que l'achat, la vente et l'exportation en gros des feuilles de tabac.<\/p>\n

JTI a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir travaill\u00e9 aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du gouvernement avec les acteurs de l'industrie du tabac \u00e0 l'\u00e9laboration du projet de loi en 2018 et a exprim\u00e9 son soutien \u00e0 celui-ci, esp\u00e9rant qu'il ne serait pas retard\u00e9.\u201c<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a
Le tabac au Malawi<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En 2021, le Malawi a ratifi\u00e9 la Convention-cadre de l'OMS pour la lutte antitabac jusqu'en ao\u00fbt 2023 ; cependant, il ne disposait pas de programme de lutte antitabac et n'a mis en \u0153uvre pratiquement aucune mesure \u00e0 cet \u00e9gard.<\/p>\n

Les compagnies de tabac et le gouvernement du Malawi<\/h4>\n

Les fournisseurs de feuilles de tabac, dont Alliance One, ont r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement annonc\u00e9 leurs activit\u00e9s de responsabilit\u00e9 sociale d'entreprise, notamment la construction d'\u00e9coles et des dons \u00e0 des orphelinats dans le cadre de la lutte contre le travail des enfants ou \u00e0 des fonds de secours en cas de catastrophe.<\/p>\n

Alliance One a \u00e9t\u00e9 f\u00e9licit\u00e9e pour la construction d'une \u00e9cole \u00e0 Chakwera, ville natale du pr\u00e9sident du Malawi, o\u00f9 elle aurait investi 153 millions de kwachas malawites (environ 201\u00a0750 dollars am\u00e9ricains) dans des projets de construction d'\u00e9coles primaires. La Convention-cadre de l'OMS pour la lutte antitabac qualifie la responsabilit\u00e9 sociale des entreprises du tabac, et sa promotion, d'\u201c\u00a0incoh\u00e9rentes\u00a0\u201c et recommande de ne pas interdire toutes ces activit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

La Fondation pour l'\u00e9limination du travail des enfants dans la culture du tabac (ECLT), financ\u00e9e et g\u00e9r\u00e9e par des compagnies de tabac, est \u00e9galement active au Malawi. On y trouve aussi la Fondation pour un monde sans fum\u00e9e, une structure enti\u00e8rement financ\u00e9e par Philip Morris International (PMI), qui compte plusieurs b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires au Malawi, dont le Centre pour la transformation agricole (CAT) et l'Institut malawite pour la promotion des politiques de transformation agricole (MwAPATA).<\/p>\n

Bien que le tabac demeure la principale exportation du Malawi et une source de revenus essentielle pour de nombreux Malawites, il est peu probable que cette culture constitue une source de revenus durable \u00e0 long terme en raison du d\u00e9clin de la demande mondiale.<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a
Le tabac au Malawi<\/figcaption><\/figure>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0643\u062a\u0628: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062a\u062c\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 2015 \u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a\u0647 22.6% \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0648\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0628\u063a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0641\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0646 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