{"id":5293,"date":"2026-04-27T18:59:16","date_gmt":"2026-04-27T16:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=5293"},"modified":"2026-04-27T18:59:16","modified_gmt":"2026-04-27T16:59:16","slug":"%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a3-%d9%83%d9%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%86%d9%85%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%85-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%84-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ad%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a3-%d9%83%d9%88\/","title":{"rendered":"Namira Najm : Le monde a ignor\u00e9 l'une des pires catastrophes de notre \u00e9poque au Soudan."},"content":{"rendered":"

L'ambassadrice Namira Najm, experte en droit international et en migration, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que la crise dans Soudan<\/a> Elle a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 ce qu'elle a d\u00e9crit comme une \u201d s\u00e9lectivit\u00e9 manifeste \u201d dans l'application des normes du droit international, critiquant le m\u00e9pris de la communaut\u00e9 internationale pour l'aspect humanitaire de la crise, qui est l'une des pires crises que l'humanit\u00e9 ait connues \u00e0 l'\u00e9poque moderne.<\/p>\n

Dix millions de Soudanais d\u00e9plac\u00e9s sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 une crise d'identit\u00e9 et de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 apr\u00e8s la guerre.<\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

Lors de sa participation \u00e0 un \u00e9pisode d'EJIL\u00a0: The Podcast of the European Journal of International Law, intitul\u00e9 \u201c\u00a0Le droit international peut-il dire quelque chose sur le Soudan\u00a0?\u00a0\u201d, elle a ajout\u00e9 que ce qui se passe au Soudan \u201c\u00a0n'est pas seulement une trag\u00e9die humanitaire, mais des violations graves et syst\u00e9matiques du droit international humanitaire\u00a0\u201d, ce qui exige la conclusion d'un accord de paix, puis la traduction en justice des responsables des crimes commis contre le peuple soudanais.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Najm estime que le conflit au Soudan est juridiquement class\u00e9 comme un \u201c conflit arm\u00e9 non international \u201d, malgr\u00e9 l'implication de parties ext\u00e9rieures qui fournissent des armes et des mercenaires pour alimenter le conflit et aggraver la catastrophe humanitaire qui frappe les civils.<\/p>\n

Critique s\u00e9rieuse<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elle a expliqu\u00e9 que le droit international ne traite pas directement et efficacement des guerres par procuration pour punir les \u00c9tats qui interviennent dans les conflits internes d'une mani\u00e8re qui conduit \u00e0 de graves violations du droit international humanitaire, tout en soulignant que les r\u00e8gles du droit international obligent tous les \u00c9tats \u00e0 ne fournir \u00e0 aucune partie bellig\u00e9rante des armes susceptibles d'\u00eatre utilis\u00e9es pour commettre des crimes contre l'humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Elle a ajout\u00e9 que ce probl\u00e8me exige d\u00e9sormais un examen s\u00e9rieux apr\u00e8s ce qui s'est pass\u00e9 au Soudan et \u00e0 Gaza, expliquant que la communaut\u00e9 internationale se concentre souvent sur la responsabilisation des parties directement impliqu\u00e9es dans le conflit, tout en ignorant les parties qui les ont soutenues et aid\u00e9es \u00e0 atteindre leurs int\u00e9r\u00eats, alors m\u00eame qu'elle savait que des civils \u00e9taient pris pour cible et que les r\u00e8gles de droit \u00e9taient viol\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Concernant l\u2019acheminement de l\u2019aide humanitaire, l\u2019ambassadeur a soulign\u00e9 qu\u2019aucune partie bellig\u00e9rante n\u2019a le droit d\u2019emp\u00eacher, sous quelque pr\u00e9texte que ce soit, l\u2019acheminement de nourriture et de m\u00e9dicaments \u00e0 des millions de civils, car le droit international criminalise le recours \u00e0 la famine comme arme de guerre.<\/p>\n

Elle a ajout\u00e9 que la guerre au Soudan a provoqu\u00e9 une crise de d\u00e9placements internes sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, le nombre de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es et de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s se situant entre 10 et 12 millions, dont plus de 9 millions de personnes d\u00e9plac\u00e9es \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur de leur propre pays. Elle a soulign\u00e9 qu'un grand nombre d'entre elles auront des difficult\u00e9s \u00e0 prouver leur identit\u00e9 et leurs droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, en particulier celles dont les maisons ont \u00e9t\u00e9 incendi\u00e9es ou d\u00e9truites et qui sont parties sans documents officiels attestant de leur identit\u00e9 ou de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de leurs terres et de leurs maisons.<\/p>\n

La priorit\u00e9 est d'instaurer la paix.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Elle a soulign\u00e9 que ces probl\u00e8mes devaient \u00eatre r\u00e9gl\u00e9s d\u00e8s maintenant, afin d'\u00e9viter une nouvelle escalade des conflits lorsque la population retournera dans ses villages et ses r\u00e9gions d'origine.<\/p>\n

Najm a soulign\u00e9 que la priorit\u00e9 devait \u00eatre d'instaurer la paix et la stabilit\u00e9, puis de s'engager sur la voie de la justice p\u00e9nale sans accorder \u00e0 aucune partie l'immunit\u00e9 de rendre des comptes.<\/p>\n

Elle a fait remarquer que, selon les r\u00e8gles du droit international, la comp\u00e9tence de la Cour internationale de Justice dans l'affaire du Darfour ne peut \u00eatre \u00e9tendue aux crimes commis actuellement dans tout le Soudan.<\/p>\n

Elle a ajout\u00e9 que, concr\u00e8tement, la v\u00e9ritable volont\u00e9 du peuple soudanais quant \u00e0 la forme de justice qu'il souhaite \u2013 que ce soit par le biais de tribunaux mixtes ou hybrides, ou par des m\u00e9canismes coutumiers \u2013 ne pourra \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9e qu'une fois la paix et la stabilit\u00e9 instaur\u00e9es, des \u00e9lections organis\u00e9es, puis un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum populaire men\u00e9 sur cette question. Autrement, une minorit\u00e9 d\u00e9cidera au nom de tout un peuple, ce qui est difficilement acceptable si l'objectif est d'atteindre une v\u00e9ritable stabilit\u00e9 au Soudan.<\/p>\n

Ont particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la discussion \u00e0 ses c\u00f4t\u00e9s Khulood Khair, directeur de Confluence Advisory, qui a abord\u00e9 les r\u00e9percussions du conflit sur la structure de l'\u00c9tat soudanais, et Muhannad Al-Nour, un \u00e9minent avocat soudanais des droits de l'homme et membre du barreau du Darfour, sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit p\u00e9nal international et en droits de l'homme, qui travaille depuis des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 documenter les violations et \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre les d\u00e9tenus politiques et les militants au Soudan.<\/p>\n

La discussion \u00e9tait anim\u00e9e par la professeure Sarah Nouwen, professeure de droit international \u00e0 l'Institut universitaire europ\u00e9en (IUE) de Florence, membre de l'Universit\u00e9 de Cambridge et auteure de l'ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u201c\u00a0La compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 sous le feu ennemi\u00a0: la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale au Soudan et en Ouganda\u00a0\u201d. Sp\u00e9cialiste du Soudan, elle a consacr\u00e9 des ann\u00e9es \u00e0 \u00e9tudier l'interaction entre le droit international et les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s politiques sur le terrain au Soudan.<\/p>\n

EJIL\u00a0: Le podcast, plateforme de la Revue europ\u00e9enne de droit international, est l\u2019un des principaux forums sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s en droit international. Il propose des discussions alliant analyse th\u00e9orique et application pratique, et \u00e9claire les enjeux internationaux d\u2019un point de vue juridique approfondi, faisant de cet \u00e9pisode une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence essentielle pour comprendre les dimensions de la crise soudanaise dans le contexte international.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5294,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,217],"tags":[709,1884,710,257,1357],"class_list":["post-5293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africanews","category-slider","tag-709","tag-1884","tag-710","tag-257","tag-1357"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0623 \u0643\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u0645\u060c 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