{"id":2277,"date":"2026-04-10T22:48:17","date_gmt":"2026-04-10T20:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=2277"},"modified":"2026-04-10T22:48:17","modified_gmt":"2026-04-10T20:48:17","slug":"%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%a1-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%86-%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%a3%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"Femmes au pouvoir\u2026 pionni\u00e8res de la m\u00e9moire de l\u2019histoire africaine\u2026 qui sont-elles ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Bien que le continent africain comprenne 54 pays, le nombre de femmes ayant occup\u00e9 la fonction de chef d\u2019\u00c9tat dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019Afrique reste relativement limit\u00e9, en raison de l\u2019accumulation d\u2019obstacles historiques, culturels et politiques \u00e0 l\u2019acc\u00e8s des femmes aux plus hautes fonctions ex\u00e9cutives.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, les r\u00e9alisations de plusieurs pr\u00e9sidentes aux niveaux national et r\u00e9gional sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme une \u00e9tape cruciale sur la voie de l'\u00e9mancipation des femmes dans la politique africaine.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Un parcours sem\u00e9 d'emb\u00fbches et la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d'une p\u00e9nurie de femmes pr\u00e9sidentes<\/h1>\n

La Fondation CSIS pour les rapports de politique internationale estime que le continent africain n'a connu qu'un nombre limit\u00e9 de femmes \u00e9lues pr\u00e9sidentes ou cheffes d'\u00c9tat depuis le milieu des ann\u00e9es 1990 jusqu'\u00e0 nos jours. En pr\u00e8s de trente ans, une seule femme a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence par \u00e9lection directe\u00a0: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf au Lib\u00e9ria et Natumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah en Namibie.<\/p>\n

Par ailleurs, de nombreuses femmes ont occup\u00e9 des postes pr\u00e9sidentiels temporaires ou de transition dans diff\u00e9rents pays, mais la plupart de ces exp\u00e9riences ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de courte dur\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf au Lib\u00e9ria<\/h1>\n

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf a \u00e9t\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e9lue chef d'\u00c9tat en Afrique. Elle a dirig\u00e9 le Lib\u00e9ria apr\u00e8s une guerre civile d\u00e9vastatrice, de 2006 \u00e0 2018, et a consacr\u00e9 ses efforts \u00e0 la reconstruction, \u00e0 la paix et \u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation nationale, ce qui lui a valu le prix Nobel de la paix.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Joyce Banda au Malawi<\/h2>\n

Banda a acc\u00e9d\u00e9 \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence en 2012-2014 apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur, devenant ainsi la premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 diriger officiellement le Malawi. Durant sa pr\u00e9sidence, elle s'est attach\u00e9e \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer les relations internationales et \u00e0 revitaliser l'\u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0Amina Gharib, r\u00e9sidente de Maurice<\/h3>\n

Ameenah Gurib-Fakim a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lue pr\u00e9sidente de Maurice pendant la p\u00e9riode (2015-2018) dans une d\u00e9cision historique et a travaill\u00e9 \u00e0 promouvoir le r\u00f4le des femmes en politique et dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Sahlore Zod en \u00c9thiopie<\/h4>\n

Premi\u00e8re femme \u00e0 occuper la pr\u00e9sidence de l'\u00c9thiopie (2018-2024), elle poss\u00e8de une vaste exp\u00e9rience diplomatique internationale et incarne un exemple de progr\u00e8s des femmes aux plus hauts postes de direction dans des pays africains \u00e0 l'histoire politique complexe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0Natumbo Nandi-Ndaytwah en Namibie<\/h4>\n

Derni\u00e8re-n\u00e9e \u00e0 rejoindre la liste des femmes pr\u00e9sidentes en Afrique, Nandi-Ndaitwah a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9lue et repr\u00e9sente un mod\u00e8le contemporain de leadership f\u00e9minin dans la r\u00e9gion de l'Afrique australe.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u00a0Samia Hassan : Une carri\u00e8re de pionni\u00e8re et les d\u00e9fis \u00e0 la t\u00eate de la Tanzanie<\/h4>\n

Une femme politique tanzanienne qui occupe le poste de pr\u00e9sidente de la R\u00e9publique de Tanzanie depuis le 19 mars 2021, ce qui fait d'elle la premi\u00e8re femme de l'histoire du pays \u00e0 occuper ce poste, celui de premi\u00e8re pr\u00e9sidente de Tanzanie.<\/p>\n

Elle a d\u00e9but\u00e9 sa carri\u00e8re politique \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1990 au sein du gouvernement de Zanzibar, puis a gravi les \u00e9chelons jusqu'\u00e0 devenir vice-pr\u00e9sidente de la Tanzanie en 2015, avant d'acc\u00e9der au poste le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 du pays apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de l'ancien pr\u00e9sident.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Elle a pris les r\u00eanes du pays dans un contexte difficile, alors que l'Inde subissait encore les r\u00e9percussions de la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19. D\u00e8s son entr\u00e9e en fonction, elle a annonc\u00e9 une approche diff\u00e9rente de celle de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur, estimant qu'un retour \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration scientifique et pr\u00e9ventive \u00e9tait indispensable pour prot\u00e9ger la sant\u00e9 des citoyens.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es d'isolement politique, Samia Hassan a \u0153uvr\u00e9 pour rouvrir la Tanzanie au monde et a men\u00e9 une politique internationale plus interactive avec la communaut\u00e9 internationale et les pays voisins. Elle a particip\u00e9 \u00e0 des expositions internationales telles que l'Expo 2020 afin de promouvoir le commerce et d'attirer les investissements, et a pris la parole aux Nations Unies en tant que l'une des figures les plus importantes du continent africain, soulignant l'engagement de son pays en faveur des r\u00e9formes internationales.<\/p>\n

Parmi ses r\u00e9alisations notables figurent le r\u00e9tablissement du statut de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile et la lev\u00e9e des restrictions impos\u00e9es aux m\u00e9dias et \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, la lev\u00e9e des restrictions \u00e0 l'\u00e9ducation des filles, en particulier celles qui en \u00e9taient priv\u00e9es en raison d'une grossesse, ce qui a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9largir le nombre de filles scolaris\u00e9es, et des politiques \u00e9conomiques ax\u00e9es sur le renforcement du r\u00f4le du secteur priv\u00e9 comme moteur de croissance et l'encouragement des investissements \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9sidences int\u00e9rimaires et postes de direction pour les femmes<\/h4>\n

Outre les pr\u00e9sidents \u00e9lus, des femmes ont occup\u00e9 temporairement la fonction de chef d'\u00c9tat dans plusieurs pays africains, souvent lors d'une transition du pouvoir ou du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du pr\u00e9sident, comme par exemple\u00a0:<\/p>\n

-Selfie Keneji au Burundi<\/p>\n

-Ivy Matsibe-Kasaburi en Afrique du Sud<\/p>\n

-Rose Francine Rogomb\u00e9 au Gabon et d'autres qui ont jou\u00e9 des r\u00f4les de transition politiquement importants dans des p\u00e9riodes sensibles.<\/p>\n

Ces exp\u00e9riences, malgr\u00e9 leur courte dur\u00e9e dans certains cas, ont prouv\u00e9 la capacit\u00e9 des femmes \u00e0 assumer les responsabilit\u00e9s de l'\u00c9tat dans des circonstances politiques difficiles.<\/p>\n

Importance des r\u00e9alisations et leur impact social et politique<\/h4>\n

L\u2019exp\u00e9rience des femmes pr\u00e9sidentes et dirigeantes en Afrique a prouv\u00e9 que les femmes ne sont pas seulement des partenaires dans la gouvernance ex\u00e9cutive, mais qu\u2019elles sont \u00e9galement capables de diriger des pays et d\u2019obtenir des r\u00e9sultats concrets dans les secteurs de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, du d\u00e9veloppement et de la paix.<\/p>\n

Les p\u00e9riodes de leadership de ces femmes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9es par une attention particuli\u00e8re port\u00e9e aux questions de justice sociale et d'autonomisation des femmes, ainsi qu'\u00e0 la promotion du dialogue national, m\u00eame si la voie de l'autonomisation politique des femmes reste confront\u00e9e \u00e0 de s\u00e9rieux d\u00e9fis dans la plupart des pays africains.<\/p>\n

\u00a0Autonomisation et participation accrue<\/h4>\n

Alors que certains pays augmentent le nombre de femmes dans les parlements et nomment davantage de femmes \u00e0 des postes de direction, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence par l\u2019\u00e9lection directe reste un objectif ambitieux qui n\u00e9cessite encore un soutien institutionnel et une l\u00e9gislation solide.<\/p>\n

Bien que le nombre de femmes pr\u00e9sidentes dans les pays africains soit relativement faible, celles qui ont atteint les plus hautes fonctions de l'\u00c9tat se sont impos\u00e9es comme des mod\u00e8les de leadership avis\u00e9 et adaptable dans des contextes extr\u00eamement complexes. Parall\u00e8lement, le continent conna\u00eet des progr\u00e8s constants en mati\u00e8re de repr\u00e9sentation politique des femmes, de postes minist\u00e9riels, de fonctions de cheffe de gouvernement et de pr\u00e9sence accrue des femmes au Parlement, ouvrant la voie \u00e0 une plus grande parit\u00e9 hommes-femmes dans les hautes sph\u00e8res politiques africaines.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0639 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062d\u0642\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0635\u0646\u0641 \u0643\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a …<\/p>","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,217],"tags":[190,629,630,632,631],"class_list":["post-2277","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports","category-slider","tag-190","tag-629","tag-630","tag-632","tag-631"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645.. \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0649 \u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a.. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646 \u061f - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0636\u0645 54 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