{"id":22582,"date":"2026-07-18T23:54:18","date_gmt":"2026-07-18T21:54:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=22582"},"modified":"2026-07-18T23:54:18","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T21:54:18","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d9%81%d8%b1%d9%8a%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%b2%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%87%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%aa%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"Le khat en Afrique : sa culture florissante et sa consommation g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e suscitent la controverse"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Badr Ahmed<\/strong><\/p>\n

Dans la Corne de l'Afrique et en Afrique de l'Est, le khat est devenu l'une des cultures les plus controvers\u00e9es, alliant son importance en tant que source de revenus pour des millions d'agriculteurs aux critiques croissantes li\u00e9es \u00e0 ses impacts sanitaires, sociaux et \u00e9conomiques. Si la consommation de feuilles de khat fait partie des coutumes de plusieurs pays africains, sa culture et son usage g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9s ont suscit\u00e9 un d\u00e9bat important quant \u00e0 l'avenir de cette culture.<\/p>\n

Qu'est-ce que le khat ?<\/span><\/h1>\n

Le khat (Catha edulis) est une plante \u00e0 feuilles persistantes. Ses feuilles fra\u00eeches sont m\u00e2ch\u00e9es pour obtenir un effet stimulant d\u00fb \u00e0 leur teneur en cathinone et en cathine, qui procurent une sensation d'activit\u00e9 et de vigilance, suivie de fatigue et d'une baisse d'activit\u00e9 une fois l'effet dissip\u00e9.<\/p>\n

L'usage du khat en Afrique de l'Est remonte \u00e0 plusieurs centaines d'ann\u00e9es, o\u00f9 il \u00e9tait associ\u00e9 \u00e0 des occasions sociales et tribales, et au fil du temps, il est devenu partie int\u00e9grante de la vie quotidienne dans certaines communaut\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

O\u00f9 le khat est-il cultiv\u00e9 en Afrique ?<\/span><\/h1>\n

 <\/p>\n

La culture du khat est principalement concentr\u00e9e en Afrique de l'Est et dans la Corne de l'Afrique, les principaux pays producteurs \u00e9tant\u00a0:<\/p>\n

\u00c9thiopie\u00a0: Premier producteur et exportateur de khat en Afrique, le pays le cultive dans les r\u00e9gions d\u2019Oromia, de Harar et de Sidama. Cette culture de rente, parmi les plus importantes, g\u00e9n\u00e8re des millions de dollars de recettes d\u2019exportation.<\/p>\n

Kenya : Elle est largement cultiv\u00e9e dans le comt\u00e9 de Meroe, o\u00f9 elle est connue localement sous le nom de Mira, et de grandes quantit\u00e9s sont export\u00e9es vers les pays voisins et les march\u00e9s \u00e9trangers.<\/p>\n

Somalie : Consomme en \u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s, tout en d\u00e9pendant fortement des importations en provenance d'\u00c9thiopie et du Kenya pour satisfaire la demande int\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n

Djibouti : Le march\u00e9 local d\u00e9pend du khat import\u00e9 quotidiennement, et c'est l'un des pays o\u00f9 la consommation par habitant est la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Ouganda : L'agriculture est limit\u00e9e dans certaines r\u00e9gions de l'est.<\/p>\n

Tanzanie\u00a0: Sa culture est moins r\u00e9pandue que dans les pays de la Corne de l\u2019Afrique, dans certaines r\u00e9gions du nord proches de la fronti\u00e8re k\u00e9nyane.<\/p>\n

Pays o\u00f9 la consommation de khat est la plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/span><\/h1>\n

Le khat fait partie int\u00e9grante de la vie sociale dans plusieurs pays africains, mais les niveaux de consommation varient d'un pays \u00e0 l'autre.<\/p>\n

La Somalie figure parmi les principaux pays consommateurs, o\u00f9 la mastication du khat est une activit\u00e9 quotidienne pour une grande partie de la population.<\/p>\n

Djibouti pr\u00e9sente \u00e9galement l'un des taux de consommation de khat par habitant les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, en raison de la d\u00e9pendance de sa population aux importations quotidiennes.<\/p>\n

En \u00c9thiopie, la consommation est r\u00e9pandue dans les villes et les zones rurales, notamment lors d'occasions sociales et parmi certains groupes de travailleurs, d'\u00e9tudiants et de chauffeurs.<\/p>\n

Au Kenya, la consommation est concentr\u00e9e dans les r\u00e9gions de l'est et du nord, en plus de son utilisation au sein de certaines communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

La consommation de khat ne se limite pas \u00e0 l'Afrique, car l'\u00c9thiopie et le Kenya en exportent de grandes quantit\u00e9s vers des pays tels que\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Somalie<\/p>\n

Djibouti<\/p>\n

Certaines r\u00e9gions d'Afrique de l'Est<\/p>\n

Des quantit\u00e9s importantes de ce produit sont \u00e9galement transf\u00e9r\u00e9es vers des pays europ\u00e9ens abritant des communaut\u00e9s originaires d'Afrique de l'Est, m\u00eame si nombre de ces pays en ont interdit l'importation et l'ont class\u00e9 comme substance contr\u00f4l\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Importance \u00e9conomique<\/span><\/h1>\n

Le khat est une source de revenus majeure pour des centaines de milliers d'agriculteurs en \u00c9thiopie et au Kenya, car il se caract\u00e9rise par son rendement \u00e9lev\u00e9 compar\u00e9 aux cultures de caf\u00e9 ou de ma\u00efs, et il offre \u00e9galement des opportunit\u00e9s d'emploi dans le transport, le commerce et la distribution.<\/p>\n

En \u00c9thiopie, le khat est l'un des principaux produits agricoles d'exportation g\u00e9n\u00e9rant des devises \u00e9trang\u00e8res, tandis qu'au Kenya, des r\u00e9gions enti\u00e8res d\u00e9pendent de sa culture comme source majeure de revenus.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Impacts sanitaires et sociaux<\/span><\/h1>\n

Les experts de la sant\u00e9 avertissent que la mastication excessive de khat peut entra\u00eener une hypertension art\u00e9rielle, des troubles du sommeil, des probl\u00e8mes digestifs, de l'anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et de la d\u00e9pression chez certains consommateurs, ainsi que la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9velopper une d\u00e9pendance psychologique.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes indiquent \u00e9galement que les d\u00e9penses quotidiennes en khat r\u00e9duisent les revenus de certaines familles et affectent la productivit\u00e9 et les heures de travail, notamment dans les pays o\u00f9 la consommation est r\u00e9pandue.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9bat en cours<\/span><\/h1>\n

Les gouvernements d'Afrique de l'Est sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un v\u00e9ritable dilemme concernant le khat\u00a0: d'une part, il s'agit d'une culture \u00e9conomique importante qui fournit des emplois et des recettes d'exportation, et d'autre part, les demandes de mise en place de contr\u00f4les pour limiter ses effets sanitaires et sociaux se multiplient.<\/p>\n

Entre int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques et mises en garde sanitaires, le khat reste l'une des cultures les plus controvers\u00e9es d'Afrique, o\u00f9 il est difficile de s'en passer dans certaines communaut\u00e9s, tandis que d'autres pays s'orientent vers un contr\u00f4le plus strict de son commerce et de sa consommation dans le cadre de politiques de sant\u00e9 publique.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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