{"id":20074,"date":"2026-07-09T11:07:08","date_gmt":"2026-07-09T09:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=20074"},"modified":"2026-07-09T11:07:08","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T09:07:08","slug":"5-ans-de-secheresse-la-region-est-elle-entree-en-phase","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/5-%d8%b3%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%81%d8%a7%d9%81-%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%af%d8%ae%d9%84%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b7%d9%82%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%ad%d9%84%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"5 ans de s\u00e9cheresse.. la r\u00e9gion est-elle entr\u00e9e en zone de danger ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Mohammed Omran<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Rapport du Centre Commun de Recherche de la Commission Europ\u00e9enne, intitul\u00e9 \u201cs\u00e9cheresse<\/strong><\/a> \u201dEn Afrique de l'Est, au Moyen-Orient et en Asie centrale\", publi\u00e9 le 20 mai 2026, la p\u00e9riode comprise entre 2021 et 2025 a connu les temp\u00e9ratures les plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es depuis le d\u00e9but des enregistrements en 1981, entra\u00eenant une aggravation des s\u00e9cheresses, une diminution des pr\u00e9cipitations, une r\u00e9duction de l'humidit\u00e9 des sols et une augmentation des pressions sur les ressources en eau, ce qui a eu un impact direct sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et les fragiles syst\u00e8mes agricoles de ces r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

Une s\u00e9quence climatique extraordinaire et continue<\/span><\/h2>\n

Le rapport a pr\u00e9cis\u00e9 que les zones les plus touch\u00e9es comprenaient la Corne de l'Afrique, en particulier la Somalie, le sud-est de l'\u00c9thiopie et l'est du Kenya, ainsi qu'un certain nombre de r\u00e9gions du Moyen-Orient et d'Asie centrale, notamment le nord de l'Iran, l'Afghanistan, le Turkm\u00e9nistan et l'Ouzb\u00e9kistan.<\/p>\n

Il a soulign\u00e9 que ces r\u00e9gions ont connu des p\u00e9riodes successives de s\u00e9cheresse prolong\u00e9e, concomitant avec des pr\u00e9cipitations irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res, sans parvenir \u00e0 une restauration durable de l'\u00e9quilibre hydrique.<\/p>\n

Le rapport a soulign\u00e9 que les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes climatiques naturels, notamment El Ni\u00f1o \u2013 Southern Oscillation et le Dip\u00f4le de l'oc\u00e9an Indien, ont jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le majeur dans l'influence des r\u00e9gimes de pr\u00e9cipitations, mais il a \u00e9galement confirm\u00e9 une tendance structurelle croissante \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse, conform\u00e9ment aux pr\u00e9visions du sixi\u00e8me rapport d'\u00e9valuation du GIEC publi\u00e9 en 2023, qui a mis en garde contre l'intensification des ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes climatiques extr\u00eames dans les zones semi-arides.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Syst\u00e8mes hydrauliques sous pression accrue<\/span><\/h3>\n

Le rapport a indiqu\u00e9 que les indicateurs hydrologiques ont montr\u00e9 une d\u00e9t\u00e9rioration notable dans de nombreux pays, o\u00f9 l'eau souterraine est extraite \u00e0 des taux qui d\u00e9passent la capacit\u00e9 de la nature \u00e0 la reconstituer.<\/p>\n

Il a soulign\u00e9 que l'Iran perd environ 1,7 milliard de m\u00e8tres cubes d'eaux souterraines chaque ann\u00e9e, selon les estimations nationales sur lesquelles repose l'analyse du centre de recherche commun.<\/p>\n

En Asie centrale, des pays comme le Turkm\u00e9nistan et l'Ouzb\u00e9kistan d\u00e9pendent fortement des rivi\u00e8res transfrontali\u00e8res, ce qui rend la gestion des ressources en eau plus sujette aux tensions r\u00e9gionales et aux impacts du changement climatique.<\/p>\n

Dans la Corne de l'Afrique, la d\u00e9pendance croissante \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard de saisons des pluies irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res a rendu les syst\u00e8mes pastoraux plus vuln\u00e9rables, tandis que les donn\u00e9es satellitaires du programme Copernicus sur la gestion des urgences ont r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 une augmentation des temp\u00e9ratures atteignant 2,5\u00b0C au-dessus de la moyenne durant mars 2026 dans certaines r\u00e9gions d'Asie centrale.<\/p>\n

Crise agricole et alimentaire aggrav\u00e9e<\/span><\/h3>\n

Le rapport fait \u00e9tat des cons\u00e9quences directes de la s\u00e9cheresse sur le secteur agricole, pr\u00e9cisant que la production de sorgho en Somalie a recul\u00e9 d'environ 40% au cours des derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

La saison \u201cDer\u201d de janvier 2026 a \u00e9galement vu la plupart des r\u00e9coltes \u00e9chouer dans les zones arides et semi-arides, ce qui a accru les pressions sur les m\u00e9nages ruraux.<\/p>\n

En \u00c9thiopie, les pertes de r\u00e9coltes ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 la moiti\u00e9 de la production dans certaines r\u00e9gions, ce qui a incit\u00e9 les autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 activer les syst\u00e8mes d'alerte pr\u00e9coce.<\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne le Kenya, le rapport a estim\u00e9 qu'environ 1,8 million de personnes \u00e9taient menac\u00e9es d'ins\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire dans les zones arides et semi-arides.<\/p>\n

En Afghanistan, pr\u00e8s de 3,4 millions de personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 touch\u00e9es par la s\u00e9cheresse en 2025, tandis que les syst\u00e8mes agricoles continuent de subir des pertes constantes en raison de l'irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 des pluies et de la d\u00e9gradation des sols.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9ponse humanitaire reste sous pression<\/span><\/h3>\n

Malgr\u00e9 l'ampleur de la crise, le rapport a soulign\u00e9 que les r\u00e9ponses humanitaires restent n\u00e9cessaires, mais insuffisantes pour faire face aux impacts cumul\u00e9s de cinq ann\u00e9es cons\u00e9cutives de p\u00e9nurie d'eau.<\/p>\n

Il a indiqu\u00e9 que l'Union europ\u00e9enne avait allou\u00e9 63 millions d'euros d'aide humanitaire \u00e0 la Somalie en 2026, en plus de 79,4 millions d'euros \u00e0 l'\u00c9thiopie en 2025, et que cette aide s'est concentr\u00e9e sur la fourniture de nourriture et les interventions humanitaires d'urgence.<\/p>\n

Mais des experts ont confirm\u00e9 que ces interventions se concentrent toujours sur la r\u00e9solution de la crise actuelle, tandis que la crise de l'eau est devenue de nature structurelle \u00e0 long terme.<\/p>\n

Le Centre de recherche conjoint a insist\u00e9 sur l'importance d'adopter des strat\u00e9gies \u00e0 long terme pour la gestion des ressources en eau, notamment la modernisation des syst\u00e8mes d'irrigation, le renforcement de la coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re et l'investissement dans des syst\u00e8mes d'alerte pr\u00e9coce concernant les changements climatiques.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Vers une nouvelle g\u00e9opolitique de l'eau et du climat<\/span><\/h3>\n

Le rapport a estim\u00e9 que les vagues de s\u00e9cheresse successives refl\u00e8tent une profonde refonte des \u00e9quilibres r\u00e9gionaux, dans le contexte de l'interaction entre la croissance d\u00e9mographique, la forte d\u00e9pendance \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard de l'agriculture et les pressions climatiques croissantes.<\/p>\n

Il a expliqu\u00e9 que l'eau est devenue un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel pour assurer la stabilit\u00e9 ou provoquer une instabilit\u00e9 dans ces r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 que l'Afrique de l'Est et le Moyen-Orient forment d\u00e9sormais un syst\u00e8me hydrologique interconnect\u00e9 qui subit une pression croissante, alors que les fronti\u00e8res politiques ne correspondent plus \u00e0 la nature g\u00e9ographique des bassins fluviaux.<\/p>\n

Le rapport a soulign\u00e9 que cette r\u00e9alit\u00e9 exige le renforcement de la coop\u00e9ration entre les pays, l'acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration des mesures d'adaptation aux changements climatiques et le d\u00e9veloppement de mod\u00e8les agricoles et \u00e9conomiques adapt\u00e9s aux nouvelles \u00e9volutions.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Le rapport s'est conclu en soulignant que, malgr\u00e9 une certaine am\u00e9lioration attendue en 2026 selon les mod\u00e8les saisonniers publi\u00e9s par le service Copernicus sur le changement climatique, les impacts cumul\u00e9s des cinq derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es continueront d'affecter directement les syst\u00e8mes alimentaires et hydriques de la r\u00e9gion, affirmant que la s\u00e9cheresse n'est plus un \u00e9v\u00e9nement exceptionnel, mais une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 structurelle qui s'impose au d\u00e9veloppement r\u00e9gional.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":14,"featured_media":20075,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,217],"tags":[8029,2007,4426,478,73,8030],"class_list":["post-20074","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports","category-slider","tag-8029","tag-2007","tag-4426","tag-478","tag-73","tag-8030"],"yoast_head":"\n5 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0641\u0627\u0641.. \u0647\u0644 \u062f\u062e\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637\u0631\u061f - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0643\u0634\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643 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