{"id":16377,"date":"2026-06-23T19:20:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-23T17:20:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=16377"},"modified":"2026-06-23T19:20:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-23T17:20:28","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%9f-%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%ac%d9%88%d9%84%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%b3-%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%9f-%d9%82%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%86%d8%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"Qui \u00e9tait Julius Nyerere ? L'histoire du premier pr\u00e9sident de la Tanzanie, qui a donn\u00e9 son nom au plus grand barrage d'Afrique."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Badr Ahmed<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00c0 l'approche de l'inauguration officielle du barrage et de la centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique Julius Nyerere en Tanzanie, en pr\u00e9sence de nombreux dirigeants et responsables internationaux, le nom du premier pr\u00e9sident de la Tanzanie moderne est une fois de plus mis en avant, non seulement comme symbole national, mais aussi comme celui de l'un des plus \u00e9minents dirigeants africains ayant profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 l'histoire du continent durant l'\u00e8re postcoloniale.<\/p>\n

L'histoire de Julius Nyerere : de la salle de classe au palais pr\u00e9sidentiel<\/h1>\n

Julius Nyerere est n\u00e9 en 1922 dans la r\u00e9gion de Butiama, au nord-ouest du Tanganyika, alors sous administration britannique. Il exer\u00e7a la profession d'enseignant avant de se lancer en politique et \u00e9tait donc connu des Tanzaniens comme \u00ab\u00a0l'enseignant\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0Mwalimu\u00a0\u00bb en swahili, un titre qu'il conserva tout au long de sa carri\u00e8re politique.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nyerere a men\u00e9 le mouvement nationaliste pour l'ind\u00e9pendance \u00e0 travers le parti Union nationale africaine du Tanganyika (TANU), obtenant l'ind\u00e9pendance en 1961 et devenant le premier Premier ministre du Tanganyika ind\u00e9pendant. Apr\u00e8s l'union du Tanganyika avec Zanzibar en 1964, la R\u00e9publique-Unie de Tanzanie a \u00e9t\u00e9 proclam\u00e9e et Nyerere en est devenu le premier pr\u00e9sident, restant en fonction jusqu'en 1985, ce qui fait de lui l'un des dirigeants africains ayant exerc\u00e9 le plus long mandat de cette \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n

Le nom de Nyerere devint synonyme d'un projet intellectuel et politique appel\u00e9 Ujamaa, une philosophie fond\u00e9e sur les concepts de famille et de solidarit\u00e9 sociale au sein de la culture africaine. \u00c0 travers ce projet, il cherchait \u00e0 b\u00e2tir un mod\u00e8le socialiste africain ind\u00e9pendant du capitalisme occidental et du communisme sovi\u00e9tique, en mettant l'accent sur la justice sociale, l'\u00e9ducation, la sant\u00e9 et le d\u00e9veloppement rural. Il lan\u00e7a \u00e9galement de vastes campagnes d'alphab\u00e9tisation et la mise en place d'un enseignement gratuit, contribuant ainsi \u00e0 l'augmentation du taux d'alphab\u00e9tisation et au renforcement de l'unit\u00e9 nationale dans un pays compos\u00e9 de dizaines de groupes ethniques et linguistiques.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Bien que ses politiques sociales aient obtenu des succ\u00e8s notables dans les domaines de l'\u00e9ducation et de l'unit\u00e9 nationale, son projet \u00e9conomique a fait l'objet de critiques importantes en raison de sa faible productivit\u00e9 et de la d\u00e9pendance de l'\u00c9tat \u00e0 l'\u00e9gard d'une gestion centralis\u00e9e de l'\u00e9conomie, ce qui a conduit \u00e0 des crises \u00e9conomiques qui ont par la suite incit\u00e9 la Tanzanie \u00e0 adopter des politiques d'\u00e9conomie de march\u00e9 plus ouvertes.<\/p>\n

Sur le plan r\u00e9gional, Nyerere a jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rant dans le soutien aux mouvements de lib\u00e9ration nationale en Afrique, et il a appuy\u00e9 la lutte des peuples d'Afrique du Sud, de Namibie et du Zimbabwe contre l'apartheid et le colonialisme. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 un fervent d\u00e9fenseur de l'unit\u00e9 africaine et a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de l'Organisation de l'unit\u00e9 africaine, devenue par la suite l'Union africaine.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s avoir quitt\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sidence en 1985, Nyerere est rest\u00e9 une figure influente dans les affaires africaines, participant \u00e0 des efforts de m\u00e9diation et au r\u00e8glement de conflits r\u00e9gionaux jusqu'\u00e0 sa mort \u00e0 Londres en 1999. Il est toujours consid\u00e9r\u00e9 en Tanzanie comme le p\u00e8re de la nation et le cr\u00e9ateur de l'identit\u00e9 nationale de l'\u00c9tat moderne.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Aujourd'hui, le plus grand projet hydro\u00e9lectrique d'Afrique de l'Est porte son nom\u00a0: le barrage et la centrale hydro\u00e9lectrique Julius Nyerere, sur le fleuve Rufiji, d'une capacit\u00e9 de production de plus de 2\u00a0100 m\u00e9gawatts. Le gouvernement tanzanien le consid\u00e8re comme un projet strat\u00e9gique pour renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et stimuler le d\u00e9veloppement industriel, et le fait de le nommer en son honneur est un message symbolique qui relie l'h\u00e9ritage du fondateur de l'\u00c9tat tanzanien aux aspirations de d\u00e9veloppement du pays au XXIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0643\u062a\u0628: \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0633\u062f \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0637\u0629 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0647\u0631\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0624\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0639\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u0642\u0637 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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":16381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[48,217],"tags":[6432,6526,6523,6525,6524],"class_list":["post-16377","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-reports","category-slider","tag-6432","tag-6526","tag-6523","tag-6525","tag-6524"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u062c\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633 \u0646\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0631\u064a\u061f.. \u0642\u0635\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u0646\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u062f \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u0627\u062d 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