{"id":14903,"date":"2026-06-17T21:12:28","date_gmt":"2026-06-17T19:12:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=14903"},"modified":"2026-06-17T21:12:28","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T19:12:28","slug":"%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a5%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8d-%d9%81%d9%8a","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a9-%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a5%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%a9-%d9%83%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%86-%d9%85%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%b2%d9%8d-%d9%81%d9%8a\/","title":{"rendered":"Al-Qa\u00efda est-elle sur le point d'\u00e9tablir une entit\u00e9 parall\u00e8le sur la c\u00f4te ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/strong><\/p>\n

Les avertissements am\u00e9ricains selon lesquels le groupe li\u00e9 \u00e0 Al-Qa\u00efda \u201c Jama\u2019at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin \u201d (JNIM) est sur le point de poss\u00e9der les caract\u00e9ristiques d\u2019une entit\u00e9 quasi \u00e9tatique dans la r\u00e9gion du Sahel ont suscit\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes croissantes quant \u00e0 l\u2019avenir de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de la stabilit\u00e9 en Afrique de l\u2019Ouest, en particulier au Mali, qui est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 une pression croissante de la part de groupes arm\u00e9s cherchant \u00e0 \u00e9tendre leur influence et \u00e0 se rapprocher de la capitale, Bamako.<\/p>\n

Ces avertissements interviennent \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 le groupe conna\u00eet une expansion significative de ses zones d'influence au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Niger, avec une capacit\u00e9 croissante \u00e0 perturber les lignes d'approvisionnement vitales et \u00e0 imposer son contr\u00f4le sur de vastes territoires.<\/p>\n

Dans ce contexte, le commandant du Commandement am\u00e9ricain pour l'Afrique (AFRICOM), le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Dagvin Anderson, a averti que la chute d'une capitale r\u00e9gionale entre les mains du groupe pourrait lui donner des ressources et des capacit\u00e9s sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, renfor\u00e7ant son pouvoir et lui conf\u00e9rant une symbolique politique similaire \u00e0 celle des \u00c9tats.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Les analystes estiment que ces avertissements refl\u00e8tent une escalade sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent des capacit\u00e9s du groupe \u201c Jama\u2019at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin \u201d, et pr\u00e9viennent que la poursuite de cette voie pourrait mener \u00e0 la consolidation du mod\u00e8le d\u201c\u201d \u00c9tat parall\u00e8le \u00bb dans des zones \u00e9chappant au contr\u00f4le des gouvernements, ce qui aurait de graves r\u00e9percussions sur la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 de l\u2019Afrique de l\u2019Ouest et les int\u00e9r\u00eats europ\u00e9ens, et augmenterait les risques de terrorisme, de migration irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et de criminalit\u00e9 transnationale organis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

Pression croissante sur Bamako<\/h4>\n

La capitale malienne, Bamako, conna\u00eet une situation s\u00e9curitaire tendue, sur fond d'accusations selon lesquelles le groupe \u201c Soutien \u00e0 l'islam et aux musulmans \u201d se coordonne avec le \u201c Front de lib\u00e9ration de l'Azawad \u201d pour tenter de resserrer l'\u00e9tau autour de l'\u00c9tat malien et d'\u00e9tendre la port\u00e9e de ses op\u00e9rations militaires, ce qui constitue l'un des d\u00e9fis les plus graves auxquels le pouvoir est confront\u00e9 depuis l'arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir des militaires.<\/p>\n

L\u2019escalade s\u2019est accentu\u00e9e ces derniers jours apr\u00e8s que le groupe a annonc\u00e9 une r\u00e9compense de deux millions d\u2019euros pour toute information permettant la capture du chef de la phase de transition, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Assimi Go\u00efta, une semaine seulement apr\u00e8s que le gouvernement malien a annonc\u00e9 des r\u00e9compenses de plusieurs millions de dollars pour toute information contribuant \u00e0 la capture du chef du groupe, Iyad Ag Ghali, et de plusieurs de ses plus importants dirigeants.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ces d\u00e9veloppements interviennent \u00e0 la suite des attaques revendiqu\u00e9es par l'organisation en avril dernier, qui ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 mener des op\u00e9rations de haute qualit\u00e9 et \u00e0 cibler des sites sensibles, dans le but de prouver qu'elle est capable de menacer le centre du pouvoir dans le pays, en profitant de la situation s\u00e9curitaire fragile et de l'\u00e9tendue de son activit\u00e9 dans le nord et le centre du Mali.<\/p>\n

Lors de son t\u00e9moignage devant la commission des forces arm\u00e9es de la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants am\u00e9ricaine, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Anderson a confirm\u00e9 que le groupe \u00e9tait parvenu \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des tactiques efficaces pour couper les approvisionnements en carburant, perturber les voies de transport vitales et isoler les principaux centres de population, ce qui lui conf\u00e9rait un avantage strat\u00e9gique sur les gouvernements locaux.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9crit le terrorisme comme la menace s\u00e9curitaire la plus grave en Afrique, notant que l'Afrique de l'Ouest est devenue le centre de gravit\u00e9 mondial des mouvements djihadistes, ayant enregistr\u00e9 plus de la moiti\u00e9 de tous les d\u00e9c\u00e8s li\u00e9s au terrorisme dans le monde en 2024.<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 que le groupe a \u00e9tendu son influence au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Niger, et exerce une pression croissante sur les villes et les centres strat\u00e9giques, avertissant que le danger r\u00e9side non seulement dans son expansion militaire, mais aussi dans la possibilit\u00e9 qu'il parvienne \u00e0 contr\u00f4ler une capitale ou un grand centre urbain, ce qui lui conf\u00e9rerait les ressources, les capacit\u00e9s et le symbolisme politique propres aux \u00c9tats.<\/p>\n

\nAvertissement au monde<\/h3>\n

Frank Farnel, universitaire et professeur fran\u00e7ais de relations internationales, estimait que les avertissements du commandant d'AFRICOM m\u00e9ritaient une attention mondiale, soulignant que le groupe avait d\u00e9pass\u00e9 le stade de l'insurrection traditionnelle et qu'il installait d\u00e9sormais des points de contr\u00f4le sur les routes menant \u00e0 Bamako, coupant les approvisionnements en carburant et perturbant les axes de transport vitaux, allant m\u00eame jusqu'\u00e0 menacer la capitale d'un \u00c9tat souverain.<\/p>\n

Il a soulign\u00e9 que la mont\u00e9e en puissance de ce groupe est due \u00e0 plusieurs facteurs, notamment le vide de gouvernance dans les pays du Sahel, l'incapacit\u00e9 des r\u00e9gimes militaires au Mali, au Burkina Faso et au Niger \u00e0 \u00e9tendre le contr\u00f4le de l'\u00c9tat au-del\u00e0 des capitales, ainsi qu'\u00e0 la pauvret\u00e9 chronique, \u00e0 la marginalisation ethnique et \u00e0 l'effondrement des moyens de subsistance, autant de facteurs qui ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 cr\u00e9er un environnement propice au recrutement.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 que le groupe avait renforc\u00e9 ses ressources en fusionnant avec des r\u00e9seaux criminels transnationaux organis\u00e9s, notamment des r\u00e9seaux de trafic de drogue, pr\u00e9venant que l'\u00e9tablissement d'un contr\u00f4le quasi international sur de vastes zones du Mali repr\u00e9senterait l'un des plus importants gains r\u00e9gionaux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s par une filiale d'Al-Qa\u00efda ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, et pourrait encourager d'autres groupes \u00e0 reproduire cette exp\u00e9rience.<\/p>\n

Il a expliqu\u00e9 que la r\u00e9duction de la pr\u00e9sence militaire fran\u00e7aise ne signifie pas que Paris a perdu tous ses moyens d'influence, car elle dispose toujours d'un vaste r\u00e9seau de renseignement constitu\u00e9 au fil des ann\u00e9es d'implication dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Les dangers d\u2019un \u201c \u00c9tat parall\u00e8le \u201d<\/h3>\n

Pour sa part, Scott Morgan, chercheur am\u00e9ricain sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans les questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les avertissements d\u2019AFRICOM refl\u00e8tent la menace croissante que repr\u00e9sente le groupe \u201c\u00a0Soutien \u00e0 l\u2019islam et aux musulmans\u00a0\u201d, apr\u00e8s que celui-ci a acquis des capacit\u00e9s et des ressources avanc\u00e9es qui lui permettent d\u2019\u00e9tendre ses op\u00e9rations et de renforcer son influence.<\/p>\n

Il a expliqu\u00e9 que le succ\u00e8s des groupes arm\u00e9s est li\u00e9 \u00e0 la capacit\u00e9 de l'\u00c9tat \u00e0 g\u00e9rer ses affaires et \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de ses citoyens, soulignant que l'incapacit\u00e9 des gouvernements \u00e0 fournir des services de base cr\u00e9e un vide que ces groupes exploitent pour consolider leur influence et obtenir un soutien local.<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 que la r\u00e9cente tentative d'attaque contre de hauts responsables au Mali confirme que le groupe poss\u00e8de des capacit\u00e9s sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 celles des organisations arm\u00e9es traditionnelles, tant en termes d'armement que de s\u00e9curisation des ressources logistiques. Il a averti que sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 exploiter les ressources \u00e9conomiques des zones qu'il contr\u00f4le et \u00e0 les convertir en sources de financement stables lui permettra d'accro\u00eetre consid\u00e9rablement son influence. (Sky News)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":14904,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,48,217,30],"tags":[2236,1929,3130,481],"class_list":["post-14903","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africanews","category-reports","category-slider","category-poltics","tag-2236","tag-1929","tag-3130","tag-481"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0647\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u064d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0644\u061f - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0623\u062b\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0630\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 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