{"id":13631,"date":"2026-06-12T11:27:18","date_gmt":"2026-06-12T09:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=13631"},"modified":"2026-06-12T11:27:18","modified_gmt":"2026-06-12T09:27:18","slug":"le-nigeria-entame-des-demarches-parlementaires-vers-la-decentralisation-du-pouvoir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%86%d9%8a%d8%ac%d9%8a%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%ad%d8%b1%d9%83-%d8%a8%d8%b1%d9%84%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%86%d9%8a-%d9%86%d8%ad%d9%88-%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%85%d8%b1%d9%83%d8%b2%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85\/","title":{"rendered":"Nig\u00e9ria : Initiative parlementaire en faveur de la d\u00e9centralisation du syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Notre correspondant au Nig\u00e9ria<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des ann\u00e9es d'efforts pour \u00e9tablir des forces de police au niveau de l'\u00c9tat Nigeria<\/a>\u00a0Un \u00e9lan sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent a \u00e9t\u00e9 atteint jeudi apr\u00e8s que les deux chambres de l'Assembl\u00e9e nationale (parlement) ont progress\u00e9 sur les amendements constitutionnels visant \u00e0 restructurer le syst\u00e8me policier et \u00e0 accorder aux \u00c9tats des pouvoirs de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 plus \u00e9tendus.<\/p>\n

Dans une d\u00e9cision qualifi\u00e9e d'historique, la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants a approuv\u00e9 \u00e0 une \u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 un amendement constitutionnel qui transf\u00e9rerait la police de la \u00ab liste l\u00e9gislative exclusive \u00bb du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral \u00e0 une \u00ab liste l\u00e9gislative conjointe \u00bb, permettant ainsi aux \u00c9tats de cr\u00e9er et de g\u00e9rer leurs propres forces de police.<\/p>\n

Sur les 290 d\u00e9put\u00e9s ayant particip\u00e9 au vote, 289 ont soutenu le projet de loi, tandis qu'un seul s'y est oppos\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Cette \u00e9volution constitue l'une des tentatives de r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle les plus marquantes de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, compte tenu de l'aggravation des probl\u00e8mes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 auxquels le pays est confront\u00e9, notamment le terrorisme, le banditisme, les enl\u00e8vements, les violences civiles et le crime organis\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le pr\u00e9sident de la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants, Tajudeen Abbas, a d\u00e9crit l'approbation du projet de loi comme une \u00e9tape cruciale vers la construction d'un syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 plus apte \u00e0 faire face aux d\u00e9fis locaux, tout en pr\u00e9servant l'unit\u00e9 et la souverainet\u00e9 de l'\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n

Abbas a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u00ab Il s'agit d'une \u00e9tape constitutionnelle vers la cr\u00e9ation d'un cadre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 plus adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 locale, tout en restant partie int\u00e9grante de la souverainet\u00e9 du Nig\u00e9ria. \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Le S\u00e9nat fait avancer la proposition.<\/h2>\n

Au S\u00e9nat, le projet de loi sur la police locale a \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9 en deuxi\u00e8me lecture et renvoy\u00e9 au Comit\u00e9 de r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle de 1999 pour un examen plus approfondi.<\/p>\n

Lors des discussions sur le projet, le chef de la majorit\u00e9 au conseil, Opeyemi Bamidele, a soulign\u00e9 que la structure polici\u00e8re centrale actuelle n'\u00e9tait plus en mesure de faire face aux menaces s\u00e9curitaires croissantes de nature locale.<\/p>\n

\"R\u00e9forme
R\u00e9forme de la police au Nig\u00e9ria<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Il a expliqu\u00e9 que la cr\u00e9ation de forces de police d'\u00c9tat permettrait d'am\u00e9liorer le recueil de renseignements, la r\u00e9ponse aux situations d'urgence, de d\u00e9velopper le concept de police de proximit\u00e9 et de r\u00e9duire la pression sur les agences de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 f\u00e9d\u00e9rales.<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9 : \u00ab La s\u00e9curit\u00e9 est plus efficace lorsqu'elle est locale, car les personnes qui connaissent la nature de la r\u00e9gion, sa langue et sa culture sont mieux \u00e0 m\u00eame de d\u00e9tecter les menaces avant qu'elles ne s'aggravent. \u00bb.<\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9cart\u00e9 les inqui\u00e9tudes concernant le risque de mauvais usage de ces forces par les gouverneurs d'\u00c9tat, soulignant que le projet comprend des m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le tels que des commissions de police d'\u00c9tat, une surveillance f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et l'approbation l\u00e9gislative locale des nominations cl\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Nouveau cadre de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

L'amendement constitutionnel propose une restructuration compl\u00e8te du syst\u00e8me policier du pays, afin que deux forces parall\u00e8les op\u00e8rent : la police f\u00e9d\u00e9rale et la police d'\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n

Selon cette proposition, aucun \u00c9tat ne pourrait entamer ses op\u00e9rations de police tant que sa l\u00e9gislation locale n'aurait pas \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e par son parlement et qu'elle ne serait pas conforme aux normes nationales fix\u00e9es par l'Assembl\u00e9e nationale.<\/p>\n

La police f\u00e9d\u00e9rale continuera d'assurer ses responsabilit\u00e9s en mati\u00e8re de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale, de criminalit\u00e9 transnationale et de terrorisme, de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des fronti\u00e8res, de cybercriminalit\u00e9 et de protection des biens f\u00e9d\u00e9raux, tandis que les polices d'\u00c9tat seront charg\u00e9es de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 int\u00e9rieure \u00e0 l'int\u00e9rieur des fronti\u00e8res de chaque \u00c9tat.<\/p>\n

Le projet de loi restreint \u00e9galement l'intervention du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral dans les affaires de police des \u00c9tats, sauf en cas d'effondrement total de l'ordre public, \u00e0 la demande du gouverneur de l'\u00c9tat, ou lorsque la police locale est incapable d'exercer ses fonctions.<\/p>\n

Nomination des chefs de police dans les \u00c9tats<\/h2>\n

L'amendement stipule que les forces de police de chaque \u00c9tat seront dirig\u00e9es par un commissaire de police nomm\u00e9 par le gouverneur de l'\u00c9tat, apr\u00e8s consultation du Conseil national de la police et approbation de l'autorit\u00e9 l\u00e9gislative locale.<\/p>\n

Quant \u00e0 la police f\u00e9d\u00e9rale, elle restera sous l'autorit\u00e9 de l'inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la police, nomm\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique et approuv\u00e9 par le Parlement.<\/p>\n

Le projet pr\u00e9voit \u00e9galement des garanties constitutionnelles pour r\u00e9glementer les proc\u00e9dures de destitution, assurant ainsi la responsabilit\u00e9 et l'ind\u00e9pendance op\u00e9rationnelle des deux fonctions.<\/p>\n

Controverse au sein de la Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants<\/h2>\n

La s\u00e9ance de vote a \u00e9t\u00e9 marqu\u00e9e par quelques tensions lorsque le d\u00e9put\u00e9 Bashir Zubairu Usman a protest\u00e9, affirmant que les d\u00e9put\u00e9s avaient re\u00e7u la version finale de l'amendement le jour m\u00eame du vote, ce qui ne leur laissait pas suffisamment de temps pour l'\u00e9tudier.<\/p>\n

Toutefois, le pr\u00e9sident de la Chambre a rejet\u00e9 l'objection et a poursuivi le processus de vote malgr\u00e9 les demandes de certains membres de soulever des points d'ordre.<\/p>\n

Augmentation des d\u00e9penses de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/h2>\n

Dans un contexte de controverse autour de la police d'\u00c9tat et d'une augmentation significative des d\u00e9penses de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 au Nig\u00e9ria, des donn\u00e9es r\u00e9centes montrent que le pays a d\u00e9pens\u00e9 32,5 milliards de nairas en importations d'armes au cours du premier trimestre 2026, soit une augmentation de 481 000 milliards de nairas par rapport \u00e0 la m\u00eame p\u00e9riode en 2025.<\/p>\n

L'analyste en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 Chidi Omeje a d\u00e9crit cette augmentation comme une r\u00e9ponse n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l'escalade des menaces s\u00e9curitaires, tout en appelant \u00e0 un investissement accru dans la formation, les syst\u00e8mes de surveillance et l'industrie locale de l'armement.<\/p>\n

Opinions divergentes<\/h2>\n

La proposition a re\u00e7u le soutien de plusieurs anciens responsables de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et d'experts en politiques publiques. L'ancien inspecteur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral adjoint de la police, Ali Amodu, a appuy\u00e9 l'initiative, citant le succ\u00e8s des mod\u00e8les de police d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e dans de nombreux syst\u00e8mes f\u00e9d\u00e9raux \u00e0 travers le monde.<\/p>\n

Le colonel \u00e0 la retraite Ahmed Usman, conseiller en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 du gouverneur de l'\u00c9tat de Sokoto, consid\u00e9rait \u00e9galement la police d'\u00c9tat comme l'une des solutions les plus pratiques \u00e0 la crise s\u00e9curitaire, sugg\u00e9rant le red\u00e9ploiement des officiers dans leurs \u00c9tats d'origine afin d'am\u00e9liorer la collecte de renseignements locaux.<\/p>\n

En revanche, l'ancien commissaire de police Ladodo Rabiu a averti que de nombreux \u00c9tats pourraient ne pas disposer des ressources financi\u00e8res n\u00e9cessaires pour financer les forces de police et fournir la formation, l'\u00e9quipement et l'infrastructure logistique n\u00e9cessaires.<\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9galement exprim\u00e9 des inqui\u00e9tudes quant aux risques de conflits de juridiction entre les forces de police f\u00e9d\u00e9rales et \u00e9tatiques.<\/p>\n

Et ensuite ?<\/h2>\n

La Chambre des repr\u00e9sentants ayant approuv\u00e9 le projet de loi et le S\u00e9nat poursuivant ses d\u00e9bats, les attentes grandissent concernant l'une des r\u00e9formes constitutionnelles les plus importantes de l'histoire moderne du Nig\u00e9ria.<\/p>\n

Si elle est finalement approuv\u00e9e par le Parlement et adopt\u00e9e par le nombre requis d'assembl\u00e9es l\u00e9gislatives des \u00c9tats, le pays pourrait assister \u00e0 une transformation radicale de son syst\u00e8me de s\u00e9curit\u00e9, mettant fin \u00e0 des d\u00e9cennies de monopole f\u00e9d\u00e9ral sur la gestion de la police et ouvrant la voie \u00e0 une nouvelle \u00e8re de d\u00e9centralisation dans l'application de la loi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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