{"id":13433,"date":"2026-06-11T13:09:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-11T11:09:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=13433"},"modified":"2026-06-11T13:09:55","modified_gmt":"2026-06-11T11:09:55","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b1%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d9%81%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d8%b4%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%af%d8%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"Les hommes constituent le maillon cach\u00e9 de la propagation du sida, et l'Afrique fait face \u00e0 une lacune fatale."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Mohammed Omran<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alors que les efforts m\u00e9dicaux s'intensifient dans le sud Afrique<\/strong> <\/a>Pour lutter contre le VIH gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des traitements pr\u00e9ventifs de pointe comme le linakapavir, le principal d\u00e9fi demeure en dehors des laboratoires et des cliniques. Si les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de programmes de pr\u00e9vention cibl\u00e9s, une lacune importante persiste dans le syst\u00e8me de sant\u00e9\u00a0: un groupe d\u2019hommes, malgr\u00e9 leur r\u00f4le crucial dans la transmission du virus, n\u2019a pas facilement acc\u00e8s aux services.<\/p>\n

Les hommes constituent le maillon cach\u00e9 de la propagation du sida, et l'Afrique fait face \u00e0 une lacune fatale.<\/h2>\n

 <\/p>\n

Cet \u00e9cart n'est pas seulement li\u00e9 \u00e0 un manque de connaissances, mais aussi \u00e0 la nature mobile du travail, aux sch\u00e9mas sociaux complexes et \u00e0 la difficult\u00e9 d'acc\u00e8s aux soins de sant\u00e9 l\u00e0 o\u00f9 ils se trouvent, ce qui rend la lutte contre le virus plus compliqu\u00e9e que la simple fourniture de m\u00e9dicaments efficaces.<\/p>\n

La premi\u00e8re cargaison de linacabavir, une injection \u00e0 action prolong\u00e9e qui prot\u00e8ge contre le VIH avec deux doses par an, est arriv\u00e9e en Afrique du Sud en provenance des \u00c9tats-Unis d\u00e9but avril 2026. Les essais cliniques ont montr\u00e9 une efficacit\u00e9 proche de 100%, et le m\u00e9dicament devrait \u00eatre d\u00e9ploy\u00e9 en juin 2026, la priorit\u00e9 \u00e9tant donn\u00e9e aux adolescentes et aux jeunes femmes, aux femmes enceintes et allaitantes, aux personnes transgenres, aux travailleuses du sexe, aux hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes et aux personnes qui s'injectent des drogues.<\/p>\n

Une lacune cach\u00e9e dans la pr\u00e9vention compromet les efforts de lutte contre le VIH.<\/h2>\n

Ce sont l\u00e0 les groupes de population prioritaires dans la phase initiale, mais un groupe qui est encore fr\u00e9quemment n\u00e9glig\u00e9 est celui des hommes adultes travaillant dans des secteurs mobiles et \u00e0 pr\u00e9dominance masculine, tels que la construction, qui se d\u00e9placent entre les chantiers et le domicile, et entre les relations \u00e0 long terme et les relations occasionnelles ou r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\"Les<\/p>\n

En \u00e9pid\u00e9miologie, cette cat\u00e9gorie est appel\u00e9e \u201c cat\u00e9gorie interm\u00e9diaire \u201d, une cat\u00e9gorie dont les r\u00e9seaux sexuels relient les cat\u00e9gories sup\u00e9rieures et inf\u00e9rieures de transmission du virus.<\/p>\n

En 2017, le Programme commun des Nations Unies sur le VIH\/sida (ONUSIDA) a mis en lumi\u00e8re ce probl\u00e8me dans son rapport intitul\u00e9 \u201c Angles morts \u201d, expliquant que les hommes en Afrique subsaharienne sont moins susceptibles que les femmes de se faire d\u00e9pister et traiter, et sont plus susceptibles de mourir de maladies li\u00e9es au sida.<\/p>\n

Une m\u00e9ta-analyse de 168 \u00e9tudes r\u00e9alis\u00e9e en 2022 a \u00e9galement confirm\u00e9 que les hommes restent le maillon faible de la cha\u00eene de soins de sant\u00e9 contre le VIH et que la situation en Afrique du Sud, qui pr\u00e9sente le plus grand nombre d'infections au monde, reste pr\u00e9occupante, car ils ont des taux de d\u00e9pistage et de traitement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux des femmes et des taux de mortalit\u00e9 li\u00e9s au VIH plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s en 27%.<\/p>\n

Depuis des d\u00e9cennies, les campagnes de sensibilisation en Afrique du Sud se sont concentr\u00e9es sur la sensibilisation et ont connu un grand succ\u00e8s ; des \u00e9tudes montrent que la plupart des travailleurs sont bien conscients de la mani\u00e8re dont le virus se transmet et du r\u00f4le des pr\u00e9servatifs, mais le principal probl\u00e8me est que cette sensibilisation ne se traduit pas toujours par un comportement pr\u00e9ventif coh\u00e9rent.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"L\u2019Afrique<\/p>\n

Depuis 2008, des chercheurs \u00e9tudient les comportements li\u00e9s au VIH dans le secteur de la construction en Afrique du Sud, en s'int\u00e9ressant particuli\u00e8rement aux aspects psychologiques et sociaux de la maladie. Le secteur de la construction, \u00e0 l'instar des secteurs des transports et des mines, est un secteur \u00e0 forte pr\u00e9dominance masculine et caract\u00e9ris\u00e9 par une mobilit\u00e9 constante des travailleurs, qui passent de longues p\u00e9riodes loin de leur famille, cr\u00e9ant ainsi un contexte complexe pour les relations sociales et sexuelles.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que l'utilisation du pr\u00e9servatif varie selon le type de relation\u00a0: elle augmente dans les relations occasionnelles et avec les travailleuses du sexe, tandis qu'elle diminue avec les partenaires stables. Le facteur d\u00e9terminant n'est pas la connaissance, mais plut\u00f4t le sentiment de pouvoir d\u00e9cider et le niveau de conscience des risques.<\/p>\n

Les derni\u00e8res \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que l'attitude des hommes envers les pr\u00e9servatifs et leur conscience de leur capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 les utiliser \u00e9taient plus d\u00e9terminantes que la simple connaissance de leur utilisation. Ce groupe a souvent recours \u00e0 la contraception dans les relations instables, mais en r\u00e9duit l'usage dans les relations stables, alors m\u00eame que ce comportement augmente le risque de transmission involontaire.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent que les relations instables, notamment entre les travailleurs migrants et leurs partenaires, contribuent de mani\u00e8re significative \u00e0 des taux de transmission du virus plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s, car le virus peut se propager des relations occasionnelles aux partenaires permanents sans que l'une ou l'autre des parties en soit consciente.<\/p>\n

Les facteurs sociaux jouent \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le important, car l'utilisation de pr\u00e9servatifs au sein du mariage ou des relations stables peut \u00eatre associ\u00e9e \u00e0 des connotations n\u00e9gatives telles que l'infid\u00e9lit\u00e9, ce qui rend la n\u00e9gociation \u00e0 ce sujet difficile et conduit parfois au silence malgr\u00e9 l'existence de risques r\u00e9els pour la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes montrent \u00e9galement que l'\u00e9cart d'\u00e2ge entre les jeunes femmes et leurs partenaires plus \u00e2g\u00e9s augmente le risque d'infection, en raison du d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre des pouvoirs et de la difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier des mesures de protection.<\/p>\n

\"L\u2019Afrique<\/p>\n

Dans le cadre de l'introduction du linacavir, les experts soulignent que le succ\u00e8s de tout programme de pr\u00e9vention d\u00e9pend non seulement des groupes cibl\u00e9s, mais aussi des groupes qui transmettent l'infection sans \u00eatre vis\u00e9s directement.<\/p>\n

Alors que les politiques se concentrent sur les groupes les plus vuln\u00e9rables, les hommes travaillant dans les secteurs mobiles restent un maillon invisible de la cha\u00eene de transmission, malgr\u00e9 leur r\u00f4le central dans la propagation du virus.<\/p>\n

\"Nouveau<\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, les chercheurs sugg\u00e8rent d\u2019\u00e9tendre les services de pr\u00e9vention aux lieux de travail des hommes, tels que les chantiers de construction et les plateformes de transport, et d\u2019inclure ce groupe dans les strat\u00e9gies nationales de pr\u00e9vention, comme un \u00e9l\u00e9ment cl\u00e9 pour briser la cha\u00eene de transmission.<\/p>\n

Le rapport conclut que toute strat\u00e9gie de lutte contre le VIH restera incompl\u00e8te si elle ne s'attaque pas aux \u201c cha\u00eenes de transmission cach\u00e9es \u201d de l'infection, et pas seulement aux groupes les plus visibles dans les plans de sant\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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