{"id":13207,"date":"2026-06-09T22:52:00","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T20:52:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=13207"},"modified":"2026-06-09T22:52:00","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T20:52:00","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-2-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d9%84%d9%82%d8%a9-2-%d9%85%d9%86-%d9%87%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%86%d8%ac%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%ad%d8%9f\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c9pisode 2 : Qui est cet homme noir qui n'a pas sa langue dans sa poche ?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u00e9par\u00e9 par : Dr Alia Amer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Il existe des caract\u00e9ristiques sociales et culturelles qu'il convient de mentionner d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de toute discussion sur la race noire.<\/p>\n

Des royaumes gouvern\u00e9s par des rois h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaires apparurent dans les r\u00e9gions noires. le tr\u00f4ne<\/a>Le royaume comprend des tribus, et le syst\u00e8me tribal peut exister sans faire partie d'un royaume. La tribu est divis\u00e9e en clans, et le clan est l'unit\u00e9 de base de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Chaque clan a coutume d'avoir un \u00ab\u00a0totem\u00a0\u00bb, qui lui sert de symbole. Il s'agit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement d'un animal sauvage, terrestre ou aquatique. Cela peut aussi \u00eatre une plante ou une pierre, mais le plus souvent un animal.<\/p>\n

Le totem symbolise le clan, qui le revendique parfois comme son anc\u00eatre. Le tot\u00e9misme est r\u00e9gi par l'exogamie\u00a0: un homme ne peut \u00e9pouser une femme de son clan, car une telle union serait consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un d\u00e9sastre pour celui-ci. Certains \u00e9vitent \u00e9galement le clan de leur m\u00e8re, en plus de leur clan d'origine. Ainsi, l'exogamie pr\u00e9vaut dans toute la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 noire, que ce soit dans son berceau occidental, dont il est question ici, ou dans tous ses autres territoires d'origine.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Parmi les autres caract\u00e9ristiques des peuples n\u00e9gro\u00efdes occidentaux, on note la construction de huttes rectangulaires et l'utilisation traditionnelle d'arcs pointus \u00e0 cordes v\u00e9g\u00e9tales. Ils emploient \u00e9galement des \u00e9p\u00e9es et des boucliers tress\u00e9s, mais pas de frondes. Leurs v\u00eatements sont confectionn\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d'\u00e9corce d'arbre et de fibres de palmier\u00a0; ils ne portent pas de cuir.<\/p>\n

Des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes se sont r\u00e9pandues parmi eux, que nous d\u00e9crirons plus loin. Ils utilisent des tambours en bois, qu'ils frappent parfois lors de leurs f\u00eates musicales, mais aussi comme moyen de communication. Certains affirment m\u00eame qu'il existe un langage du tambour. Ils utilisent \u00e9galement des masques et sont habiles \u00e0 les fabriquer, \u00e0 sculpter le bois et \u00e0 imiter l'image humaine.<\/p>\n

Qui sont les Noirs ?<\/h4>\n

Les chevaux et les bovins sont tr\u00e8s rares dans les r\u00e9gions c\u00f4ti\u00e8res en raison de la pr\u00e9valence de la maladie du sommeil. L'\u00e9levage se limite aux ch\u00e8vres, aux moutons, aux poules et aux chiens. Quant \u00e0 l'alimentation v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, elle se limitait \u00e0 l'origine aux haricots, aux grosses courges, aux bananes et \u00e0 quelques arachides. Gr\u00e2ce aux contacts avec le Portugal, la culture de l'igname, proche de la pomme de terre, du manioc et du ma\u00efs a \u00e9t\u00e9 introduite.<\/p>\n

L'une des caract\u00e9ristiques les plus importantes des Noirs d'Afrique de l'Ouest est leur talent artistique, notamment en mati\u00e8re de sculpture et d'arts plastiques, et aucun groupe dans aucune partie de l'Afrique subsaharienne ne peut rivaliser avec eux dans ce domaine.<\/p>\n

Le summum du savoir-faire artistique se trouve dans les r\u00e9gions de Benin et d'Ife et leurs environs, au sud-ouest du Nig\u00e9ria. Les habitants de ces r\u00e9gions excellent depuis des si\u00e8cles dans la sculpture artistique de l'ivoire, la fabrication de masques et de statues en bronze.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lorsque les Anglais s'empar\u00e8rent de Benin City en 1897, ils y d\u00e9couvrirent de pr\u00e9cieuses collections de chefs-d'\u0153uvre artistiques, qu'ils transf\u00e9r\u00e8rent au British Museum de Londres, comprenant des d\u00e9fenses d'ivoire sculpt\u00e9es et des statues de bronze d'une grande splendeur et d'une grande perfection.<\/p>\n

soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes<\/h4>\n

Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes sont r\u00e9pandues en Afrique de l'Ouest. Ce sont des organisations aux formes multiples, dont les fonctions varient selon les r\u00e9gions. Dans certains cas, le secret n'est pas de mise et toute personne peut y adh\u00e9rer apr\u00e8s avoir acquitt\u00e9 les frais d'adh\u00e9sion.<\/p>\n

Certaines soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes peuvent imposer des crit\u00e8res d'adh\u00e9sion stricts et poss\u00e9der leur propre langage. Certaines peuvent se livrer \u00e0 des activit\u00e9s qui d\u00e9plaisent aux autorit\u00e9s ou nuisent \u00e0 certains segments de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, mais la plupart des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes agissent uniquement dans l'int\u00e9r\u00eat sup\u00e9rieur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ils sont soucieux de d\u00e9fendre le bien commun. Parmi les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres de ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s figurent les Igboni chez les Yorubas, et au Dahomey, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Yewe, qui observe des rituels religieux sp\u00e9cifiques. Chez les tribus Imbeo du sud-est du Nigeria, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Igbo est tr\u00e8s influente et ses membres sont r\u00e9partis en six \u00e0 dix classes. Certains de ces membres portent des masques particuliers lors de leurs r\u00e9unions. Certaines de ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes peuvent porter le nom d'un m\u00e9tier, comme s'il s'agissait d'une guilde\u00a0; la plus connue est la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Forgerons.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":13210,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3386,217,41],"tags":[5215,5214,5217,4651,5216],"class_list":["post-13207","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africastory","category-slider","category-socity","tag-5215","tag-5214","tag-5217","tag-4651","tag-5216"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u0642\u0629 2.. \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u064a\u062d\u061f - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0644\u0642\u062f \u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u064a\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062b\u0648\u0646 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