{"id":13143,"date":"2026-06-09T17:03:41","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T15:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=13143"},"modified":"2026-06-09T17:33:07","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T15:33:07","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d9%85%d9%88%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%81%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%8a-%d9%84%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%aa%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%ac%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%a3%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"Le pilier de l'\u00e9conomie : la chute des prix des diamants au Botswana aggrave la situation des travailleurs."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cela fait un an que Muchwegwa Rakhudu a perdu son emploi apr\u00e8s 14 ans de travail comme technicien d'installation dans des exploitations mini\u00e8res de diamants \u00e0 Debswana, dans le nord du Botswana.<\/p>\n

Il affirme qu'il travaillait dans le cadre de contrats renouvelables de trois ans avec Enabler Hires (Limited) et qu'il s'attendait \u00e0 ce que cet arrangement se poursuive jusqu'en 2027.<\/p>\n

Au lieu de cela, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 licenci\u00e9 et mis au ch\u00f4mage technique sans pr\u00e9avis.<\/p>\n

\u201c Le choc a \u00e9t\u00e9 extr\u00eamement intense \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Rajodo (ce n'est pas son vrai nom).<\/p>\n

D\u00e9but 2025, j'ai emprunt\u00e9 26\u00a0000 pulas (environ 1\u00a0900 dollars am\u00e9ricains) pour acheter une voiture, pensant que mon emploi \u00e9tait assur\u00e9. \u00c0 la mi-mai, je me suis retrouv\u00e9e au ch\u00f4mage. Ce licenciement soudain m'a plong\u00e9e dans une situation pr\u00e9caire, me laissant avec des dettes et des charges m\u00e9nag\u00e8res, notamment les frais de scolarit\u00e9, sans aucune indemnit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

crise des diamants au Botswana<\/h4>\n

\u201c C\u2019\u00e9tait extr\u00eamement difficile de ne pas \u00eatre pr\u00e9par\u00e9. Les emplois sont rares, et m\u00eame lorsqu\u2019il y en a en dehors du secteur minier, la r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration est bien moindre. Je suis toujours \u00e0 la recherche d\u2019un emploi \u201d, a-t-il d\u00e9clar\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Rachodo a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 avoir envisag\u00e9 de se lancer dans l'agriculture ou de cr\u00e9er une petite entreprise, mais qu'il manquait de capital. Il a ajout\u00e9 que la vente de sa voiture ne lui permettrait de rembourser que le solde de son pr\u00eat.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u201c J'aimerais me lancer dans l'agriculture, mais si je vends la voiture, l'argent ne servira qu'\u00e0 rembourser le pr\u00eat. \u201d.<\/p>\n

Un cadre sup\u00e9rieur d'Enabler Hires (Pty) Ltd a d\u00e9clar\u00e9, au sujet des licenciements\u00a0: \u201d\u00a0Je ne r\u00e9pondrai pas \u00e0 vos questions concernant la personne qui vous a donn\u00e9 mon num\u00e9ro. Je n'ai communiqu\u00e9 mes coordonn\u00e9es \u00e0 aucun journaliste. Je n'ai pas le droit de divulguer d'informations.\u00a0\u201d.<\/p>\n

Ces licenciements interviennent \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 le secteur diamantaire du Botswana, qui constitue l\u2019\u00e9pine dorsale de son \u00e9conomie, conna\u00eet un net ralentissement.<\/p>\n

Faible demande mondiale<\/h4>\n

Debswana Diamonds, une coentreprise entre le gouvernement et De Beers, a r\u00e9duit sa production d'environ 271 TP3T en 2024 \u00e0 17,9 millions de carats en raison de la faible demande mondiale, et pr\u00e9voit de nouvelles r\u00e9ductions \u00e0 environ 15 millions de carats en 2025. L'entreprise repr\u00e9sente environ 901 TP3T des ventes de diamants au Botswana.<\/p>\n

Ce ralentissement s'est \u00e9tendu \u00e0 l'ensemble de l'\u00e9conomie, la production du Botswana ayant diminu\u00e9 d'environ 5,31 billions de tonnes au deuxi\u00e8me trimestre 2025, soit la plus forte baisse depuis le d\u00e9but de la pand\u00e9mie, principalement en raison d'un d\u00e9clin de la production de diamants, selon Reuters.<\/p>\n

Les diamants repr\u00e9sentent environ 70 % des recettes d'exportation et environ un tiers des recettes publiques, selon Reuters et Standard & Poor's Global Ratings, qui a abaiss\u00e9 en 2025 la note de cr\u00e9dit souverain du Botswana \u00e0 BBB-, invoquant la pression continue du ralentissement mondial du march\u00e9 du diamant et la faiblesse des recettes fiscales.<\/p>\n

\u201c Le d\u00e9clin de l\u2019industrie diamantaire n\u2019est plus seulement un probl\u00e8me commercial ; c\u2019est un probl\u00e8me humanitaire qui touche les travailleurs, leurs familles, les sous-traitants et des communaut\u00e9s mini\u00e8res enti\u00e8res \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Mbgani Gaikgotswe, secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Syndicat des mineurs du Botswana.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'incertitude domine d\u00e9sormais la vie quotidienne.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u201c La premi\u00e8re question qui vient \u00e0 l\u2019esprit de chacun est de savoir s\u2019ils conserveront leur emploi l\u2019ann\u00e9e prochaine. Les contrats seront-ils renouvel\u00e9s ? Les heures suppl\u00e9mentaires seront-elles r\u00e9duites ? Ce ne sont pas des pr\u00e9occupations th\u00e9oriques ; elles ont des r\u00e9percussions sur les frais de scolarit\u00e9, les pr\u00eats, les factures m\u00e9dicales et les responsabilit\u00e9s familiales. \u201d<\/p>\n

Stagnation des salaires<\/h4>\n

M\u00eame l\u00e0 o\u00f9 il reste des emplois, la pression s'accentue \u00e0 mesure que les salaires stagnent et que le co\u00fbt de l'alimentation et des transports augmente.<\/p>\n

Au-del\u00e0 des diamants : la recherche d'une nouvelle croissance<\/p>\n

Dominic Obosetsi Maboka, pr\u00e9sident du Syndicat des travailleurs du diamant du Botswana, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le processus de restructuration s'\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9tendu aux entrepreneurs et aux prestataires de services, avec un nombre croissant de travailleurs passant \u00e0 des contrats \u00e0 court terme.<\/p>\n

Il a ajout\u00e9\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Les travailleurs qui ont encore un emploi d\u00e9pendent de plus en plus des contrats \u00e0 court terme ou temporaires. Cela complique la t\u00e2che des familles pour planifier leurs projets, car elles ne savent pas si ces contrats seront renouvel\u00e9s ou non.\u00a0\u201d.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Il a indiqu\u00e9 que beaucoup gagnent entre 190 et 250 dollars par mois, tandis que le co\u00fbt de la vie continue d'augmenter, ce qui a un impact n\u00e9gatif sur les petites entreprises li\u00e9es \u00e0 l'activit\u00e9 mini\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

Depuis son ind\u00e9pendance en 1966, la richesse diamantif\u00e8re du Botswana a transform\u00e9 ce qui \u00e9tait autrefois l'un des pays les plus pauvres du monde en une \u00e9conomie \u00e0 revenu interm\u00e9diaire, contribuant ainsi au financement des infrastructures, des services publics et d'une croissance durable.<\/p>\n

Ce succ\u00e8s a toutefois rendu le secteur extr\u00eamement vuln\u00e9rable aux chocs mondiaux. Selon Standard & Poor's Global Ratings, l'industrie est actuellement confront\u00e9e \u00e0 des pressions li\u00e9es \u00e0 la faiblesse de la demande, \u00e0 la concurrence des diamants de synth\u00e8se et au recul des d\u00e9penses en produits de luxe sur les principaux march\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

Levi Ndoye, politologue \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 de technologie de Tshwane, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le ralentissement \u00e9conomique r\u00e9v\u00e8le les dangers de la concentration \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

\u201c Lorsque les citoyens deviennent fortement d\u00e9pendants d\u2019un seul secteur, une baisse de la demande mondiale devient extr\u00eamement dommageable. \u201d<\/p>\n

Il a plaid\u00e9 pour une diversification plus rapide de l'agriculture et de la production de viande bovine, ainsi que pour un renforcement des liens commerciaux r\u00e9gionaux.<\/p>\n

absorption des pertes d'emplois<\/h4>\n

Le ministre du Travail et de l'Int\u00e9rieur du Botswana, Pius Mokgweets, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le gouvernement r\u00e9pond \u00e0 la crise en s'effor\u00e7ant de compenser les pertes d'emplois, notamment par le d\u00e9veloppement de l'extraction du cuivre et le lancement de nouveaux projets. Il a ajout\u00e9 que les efforts de diversification \u00e9conomique ciblent \u00e9galement l'agriculture, le tourisme et les technologies de l'information et de la communication.<\/p>\n

Le ministre des Mines et de l'\u00c9nergie, Bogolo Joy Kinwendo, n'a pas r\u00e9pondu aux demandes r\u00e9p\u00e9t\u00e9es de commentaires.<\/p>\n

Chipo Modibidi, pr\u00e9sident de l'Association des petits mineurs du Botswana, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que les petits exploitants sont toujours largement exclus de la cha\u00eene de valeur du diamant, domin\u00e9e par les grandes entreprises.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que m\u00eame si le pays n'\u00e9tait pas directement impliqu\u00e9 dans le commerce des diamants, le ralentissement \u00e9conomique se propageait tout de m\u00eame dans tout le pays.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u201c Les diamants cultiv\u00e9s en laboratoire et les r\u00e9glementations strictes pr\u00e9sentent des d\u00e9fis, mais ils pourraient aussi constituer des opportunit\u00e9s si les politiques devenaient plus inclusives. \u201d.<\/p>\n

Quant \u00e0 Rakhado, les changements structurels du march\u00e9 mondial du diamant sont encore loin d'\u00eatre un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne quotidien.<\/p>\n

Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 : \u201c Je cherche toujours. Je veux juste une autre chance de travailler. \u201d\u2026 (Al Jazeera)<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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