{"id":11998,"date":"2026-06-03T23:58:57","date_gmt":"2026-06-03T21:58:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=11998"},"modified":"2026-06-04T00:01:19","modified_gmt":"2026-06-03T22:01:19","slug":"%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%85%d9%86-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a5%d8%b9%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a5%d9%84%d9%89-%d8%b1%d8%a6%d8%a7%d8%b3%d8%a9-%d8%b2%d9%8a%d9%85%d8%a8%d8%a7%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%8a-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%ba%d9%88%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"De la condamnation \u00e0 mort \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du Zimbabwe\u00a0: Mnangagwa suscite \u00e0 nouveau la controverse (Profil)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par Ziad Abdel Fattah :<\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Parlement zimbabw\u00e9en a d\u00e9battu d'un projet de loi controvers\u00e9 visant \u00e0 modifier Constitution<\/a>Cela prolongerait le mandat du pr\u00e9sident Emmerson Mnangagwa de deux ans, jusqu'en 2030.<\/p>\n

Cet amendement abolira \u00e9galement les \u00e9lections pr\u00e9sidentielles g\u00e9n\u00e9rales et accordera au Parlement le pouvoir de nommer le chef de l'\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n

Dans les lignes qui suivent, Zoom Africa News pr\u00e9sente un portrait d'Emmerson Mnangagwa.<\/p>\n

Emmerson Mnangagwa, n\u00e9 le 15 septembre 1942 \u00e0 Zvishavane, Rhod\u00e9sie du Sud (aujourd'hui Zimbabwe), est un homme politique zimbabw\u00e9en qui est pr\u00e9sident du Zimbabwe depuis 2017.<\/p>\n

Un des v\u00e9t\u00e9rans de l'Union nationale<\/h2>\n
\"\u0645\u0646
De l'ex\u00e9cution \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence du Zimbabwe\u00a0: Mnangagwa suscite \u00e0 nouveau la controverse (Profil)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Mnangagwa est un v\u00e9t\u00e9ran de l'Union nationale africaine du Zimbabwe-Front patriotique, l'un des mouvements de lib\u00e9ration du pays, qui est devenu par la suite le parti au pouvoir.<\/p>\n

Emmerson Mnangagwa a remport\u00e9 deux \u00e9lections (2018, 2023) et est rest\u00e9 au pouvoir depuis qu'il a succ\u00e9d\u00e9 au pr\u00e9sident de longue date Robert Mugabe, bien que les deux \u00e9lections aient \u00e9t\u00e9 entach\u00e9es d'all\u00e9gations de fraude.<\/p>\n

Mnangagwa a \u00e9t\u00e9 vice-pr\u00e9sident et a occup\u00e9 plusieurs postes minist\u00e9riels sous Mugabe. Il dirige le parti Union nationale africaine du Zimbabwe-Front patriotique depuis 2017 et est surnomm\u00e9 \u201c\u00a0Le Crocodile\u00a0\u201d. Il a d\u00e9clar\u00e9, \u00e0 propos de cette comparaison avec ce reptile, qu'il frappe au moment opportun.<\/p>\n

L'Union nationale africaine du Zimbabwe-Front patriotique (ZANU-PF) est une organisation politique qui est le parti au pouvoir au Zimbabwe depuis l'ind\u00e9pendance en 1980.<\/p>\n

Le parti a \u00e9t\u00e9 dirig\u00e9 pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es par Robert Mugabe, d'abord comme Premier ministre avec l'Union nationale africaine du Zimbabwe (ZANU), puis comme pr\u00e9sident \u00e0 partir de 1987 apr\u00e8s la fusion avec l'Union populaire africaine du Zimbabwe (ZAPU) et la conservation du nom ZANU-PF.<\/p>\n

Naissance et \u00e9ducation<\/h2>\n

Mnangagwa est n\u00e9 dans une famille paysanne de la ville mini\u00e8re de Zvishavane, qui faisait alors partie de la colonie britannique de Rhod\u00e9sie du Sud.<\/p>\n

En raison de l\u2019activisme de son p\u00e8re contre les colons blancs, la famille a \u00e9t\u00e9 contrainte de fuir vers la Rhod\u00e9sie du Nord (l\u2019actuelle Zambie).<\/p>\n

Mnangagwa h\u00e9rita de cet esprit combatif et rejoignit le mouvement de lib\u00e9ration contre le r\u00e9gime britannique, ce qui entra\u00eena son expulsion de l'universit\u00e9 en 1960. Mnangagwa rejoignit l'Union populaire africaine du Zimbabwe (ZAPU) en 1962, mais l'ann\u00e9e suivante, lorsque l'organisation se scinda, il choisit de rejoindre la faction qui devint plus tard la ZANU-PF.<\/p>\n

Mnangagwa a suivi une formation militaire au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1960 au Tanganyika (actuelle Tanzanie), en \u00c9gypte et en Chine. En 1965, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort pour sa participation \u00e0 un attentat \u00e0 la bombe contre un train \u00e0 Fort Victoria (actuelle Masvingo, au Zimbabwe), mais sa peine a \u00e9t\u00e9 commu\u00e9e en dix ans de prison. Apr\u00e8s sa lib\u00e9ration, Mnangagwa a obtenu une licence en droit \u00e0 l'Universit\u00e9 de Zambie.<\/p>\n

Peu apr\u00e8s son admission au barreau de la Cour supr\u00eame de Zambie, Mnangagwa s'est rendu au Mozambique, l'un des pays voisins que le Zimbabwe avait utilis\u00e9 comme base pour sa lutte pour la lib\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n

En 1977, Mnangagwa fut choisi comme conseiller de Mugabe, figure embl\u00e9matique du mouvement de lib\u00e9ration. Ils travaill\u00e8rent ensemble lorsque Mugabe n\u00e9gocia la fin de la Rhod\u00e9sie sous domination blanche, menant \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation du Zimbabwe et aux \u00e9lections de 1980, remport\u00e9es haut la main par la ZANU-PF.<\/p>\n

Mugabe devint Premier ministre, puis, en 1987, le premier chef de l'ex\u00e9cutif du pays, consolidant ainsi le r\u00e9gime de parti unique qui dura des d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n

Plusieurs postes au sein du gouvernement de Mugabe<\/h2>\n

Mnangagwa a servi pendant de nombreuses ann\u00e9es au sein du gouvernement de Mugabe, occupant notamment les postes de ministre de la Justice et de ministre de la D\u00e9fense.<\/p>\n

Il a \u00e9galement dirig\u00e9 la CIA au milieu des ann\u00e9es 1980, p\u00e9riode marqu\u00e9e par des all\u00e9gations concernant son implication dans l'op\u00e9ration Gokurahundi \u2013 qui signifie \u201c pluie purificatrice \u201d en shona \u2013 et qui a entra\u00een\u00e9 la mort de milliers d'opposants politiques et de civils, principalement issus de l'ethnie nd\u00e9b\u00e9l\u00e9. Mnangagwa a ni\u00e9 toute responsabilit\u00e9 dans ces atrocit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

L'ascension \u00e0 la pr\u00e9sidence<\/h2>\n

En 2014, Mnangagwa a remplac\u00e9 Joyce Mujuru, une v\u00e9t\u00e9rane de la guerre contre le gouvernement rhod\u00e9sien blanc, au poste de vice-pr\u00e9sident du Zimbabwe, apr\u00e8s que l'\u00e9pouse de Mugabe, Grace, ait attaqu\u00e9 la r\u00e9putation de Mujuru.<\/p>\n

Mujuru \u00e9tait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un successeur possible de Mugabe, qui avait 89 ans lorsqu'il a pr\u00eat\u00e9 serment comme pr\u00e9sident en 2013. Mais quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard, en 2017, l'\u00e9pouse du pr\u00e9sident a retourn\u00e9 son hostilit\u00e9 contre Mnangagwa, comme l'avait fait Mugabe.<\/p>\n

Le 6 novembre, Mugabe destitua Mnangagwa, qui s'enfuit ensuite du pays. Mnangagwa fut par la suite exclu de la ZANU-PF, et il semblait que la famille de Mugabe et certains de ses partisans faisaient pression pour que Grace Mugabe devienne la prochaine pr\u00e9sidente du Zimbabwe. Cependant, l'arm\u00e9e zimbabw\u00e9enne, furieuse de la destitution de v\u00e9t\u00e9rans de la guerre de lib\u00e9ration comme Muguru et Mnangagwa, prit le pouvoir le 15 novembre et assigna Mugabe \u00e0 r\u00e9sidence.<\/p>\n

Des milliers de personnes ont manifest\u00e9 dans les rues pour exiger la d\u00e9mission du pr\u00e9sident. Apr\u00e8s le lancement d'une proc\u00e9dure de destitution par la ZANU-PF au Parlement, il a d\u00e9missionn\u00e9, mettant fin \u00e0 37 ans de r\u00e8gne. Mnangagwa est rentr\u00e9 au pays et a assum\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sidence par int\u00e9rim le 24 novembre, promettant de mettre en \u0153uvre des r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques et politiques. Il a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi comme nouveau chef de la ZANU-PF et candidat du parti \u00e0 l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2018, d\u00e9cisions ratifi\u00e9es lors d'un congr\u00e8s extraordinaire du parti le mois suivant.<\/p>\n

Mnangagwa est pr\u00e9sident<\/h2>\n

Lors de l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2018, Mnangagwa a remport\u00e9 un mandat de cinq ans avec environ 511\u00a0000 voix, battant le chef de l'opposition, Nelson Chamisa. Cependant, les r\u00e9sultats ont \u00e9t\u00e9 entach\u00e9s d'all\u00e9gations de fraude, Chamisa revendiquant la victoire. Durant le premier mandat de Mnangagwa, la corruption, l'inflation galopante et le ch\u00f4mage ont persist\u00e9. Ces probl\u00e8mes \u00e9taient en partie un h\u00e9ritage du gouvernement de Mugabe, mais le nouveau pr\u00e9sident s'est montr\u00e9 incapable ou peu dispos\u00e9 \u00e0 les r\u00e9soudre.<\/p>\n

Mnangagwa affronta Chamisa et neuf autres candidats lors de l'\u00e9lection pr\u00e9sidentielle de 2023. Mnangagwa fut de nouveau d\u00e9clar\u00e9 vainqueur, apr\u00e8s avoir recueilli environ 531 millions de voix.<\/p>\n

Des all\u00e9gations de fraude ont refait surface. Chamisa et l'opposition ont rejet\u00e9 les r\u00e9sultats, et les observateurs internationaux ont \u00e9galement critiqu\u00e9 les \u00e9lections. La mission de l'UE a d\u00e9clar\u00e9\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Au cours du processus \u00e9lectoral, les libert\u00e9s fondamentales ont \u00e9t\u00e9 de plus en plus restreintes\u2026 ce qui a engendr\u00e9 un climat de peur.\u00a0\u201d.<\/p>\n

Elle a ajout\u00e9\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Le processus \u00e9lectoral n\u2019a pas respect\u00e9 de nombreuses normes r\u00e9gionales et internationales, notamment en mati\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9, d\u2019inclusion et de transparence.\u00a0\u201d Dans un message publi\u00e9 sur X (anciennement Twitter), Mnangagwa a \u00e9crit\u00a0: \u201c\u00a0Cette victoire t\u00e9moigne du pouvoir de l\u2019unit\u00e9 et du progr\u00e8s. Ensemble, nous continuerons \u00e0 b\u00e2tir un avenir meilleur pour le Zimbabwe.\u00a0\u201d.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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