{"id":11817,"date":"2026-06-02T19:36:20","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T17:36:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=11817"},"modified":"2026-06-02T19:36:20","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T17:36:20","slug":"%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%ae%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%a9-%d8%ba%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%85%d8%b3%d8%a8%d9%88%d9%82%d8%a9-%d8%a5%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a3%d9%88%d9%84-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b5%d8%a9-%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%a8%d8%a9\/","title":{"rendered":"Une \u00e9tape sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\u00a0: l\u2019Afrique du Sud lance sa premi\u00e8re plateforme de surveillance climatique."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/strong><\/p>\n

L'Afrique du Sud a lanc\u00e9 sa premi\u00e8re plateforme nationale de surveillance Climat et sant\u00e9<\/a>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un outil de recherche et d\u2019aide \u00e0 la d\u00e9cision de premier plan, con\u00e7u pour renforcer la capacit\u00e9 du pays \u00e0 comprendre et \u00e0 r\u00e9pondre aux impacts sanitaires croissants des changements climatiques.<\/p>\n

La plateforme, accessible via le site web de surveillance de la sant\u00e9 climatique en Afrique du Sud, a \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7ue et d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e par le professeur Karady Wright, avec le soutien du Conseil sud-africain de la recherche m\u00e9dicale (SAMRC) et de l'Universit\u00e9 de Pretoria.<\/p>\n

Ce lancement intervient \u00e0 un moment o\u00f9 l'Afrique du Sud subit de plus en plus les cons\u00e9quences sanitaires des conditions environnementales li\u00e9es au climat, allant des chaleurs extr\u00eames et de l'aggravation de la pollution atmosph\u00e9rique aux inondations, aux s\u00e9cheresses et aux maladies sensibles au climat. .<\/p>\n

Poursuite de la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures<\/h4>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, des recherches men\u00e9es par Wright et ses coll\u00e8gues ont mis en \u00e9vidence comment une exposition prolong\u00e9e \u00e0 la chaleur expose les travailleurs en ext\u00e9rieur, les enfants, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et les communaut\u00e9s \u00e0 faible revenu \u00e0 un risque accru de d\u00e9shydratation, de stress thermique, de maladies respiratoires et d'autres probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ces risques devraient s'aggraver avec la hausse continue des temp\u00e9ratures.<\/p>\n

Dans ce contexte, la plateforme a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9e pour aider les chercheurs, les d\u00e9cideurs politiques, les professionnels de la sant\u00e9 publique et les autres parties prenantes \u00e0 mieux visualiser et interpr\u00e9ter les donn\u00e9es climatiques, environnementales et sanitaires dans un syst\u00e8me unique.<\/p>\n

\u201c La raison principale de la cr\u00e9ation de cette plateforme est de visualiser nos donn\u00e9es \u201d, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 Wright, chercheur principal au Centre de recherche m\u00e9dicale en Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

\u201c L\u2019objectif est de montrer \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique du Sud, \u00e0 l\u2019Afrique et au monde entier que nous disposons de donn\u00e9es, de donn\u00e9es de qualit\u00e9, et que nous sommes capables de les analyser. Je m\u2019efforce d\u2019encourager le partage des donn\u00e9es afin de les visualiser, de les analyser, de raconter des histoires, de faire des d\u00e9couvertes et de d\u00e9montrer l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat d\u2019investir dans leur collecte. \u201d<\/p>\n

D\u00e9montrer la valeur des syst\u00e8mes d'information sanitaire<\/h4>\n

Elle a indiqu\u00e9 que la plateforme vise \u00e9galement \u00e0 d\u00e9montrer la valeur des syst\u00e8mes d'information sanitaire du pays et \u00e0 encourager un partage plus large des donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

\u201c Par exemple, il serait formidable que les donn\u00e9es du syst\u00e8me d'information sanitaire au niveau du comt\u00e9 soient \u00e9lectroniques au niveau dont nous avons besoin et disponibles quotidiennement, ce qui n'est pas encore le cas. \u201d<\/p>\n

D'apr\u00e8s les informations disponibles sur la plateforme, les utilisateurs peuvent explorer toute une gamme d'indicateurs climatiques, environnementaux et sanitaires gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des cartes, des graphiques et d'autres outils de visualisation.<\/p>\n

La plateforme combine des ensembles de donn\u00e9es sanitaires et environnementales pour soutenir la surveillance, la recherche et la prise de d\u00e9cisions fond\u00e9es sur des donn\u00e9es probantes concernant les risques sanitaires li\u00e9s au climat.<\/p>\n

L'une des premi\u00e8res tendances qui se d\u00e9gagent de la plateforme montre un lien clair entre les ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames et leurs cons\u00e9quences sur la sant\u00e9, ce qui correspond aux attentes des scientifiques.<\/p>\n

\u201c\u00a0Il y a quelque chose de tr\u00e8s int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 observer concernant les inondations et les \u00e9pisodes de diarrh\u00e9e. Apr\u00e8s une p\u00e9riode de s\u00e9cheresse avec moins d'inondations, puis une augmentation de ces inondations \u2013 et cela concerne tout le pays \u2013 on constate une hausse des cas de diarrh\u00e9e, ce qui est pr\u00e9visible car il est clair qu'un d\u00e9bit d'eau plus important peut entra\u00eener une contamination de l'eau, une d\u00e9gradation de l'hygi\u00e8ne et la propagation des maladies diarrh\u00e9iques.\u00a0\u201d<\/p>\n

Comprendre les effets sur la sant\u00e9<\/h4>\n

La plateforme a \u00e9galement mis en lumi\u00e8re d'importantes lacunes dans la compr\u00e9hension, en Afrique du Sud, des effets de la chaleur sur la sant\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201c Je n\u2019ai pas encore tout explor\u00e9 \u2013 il y a beaucoup \u00e0 \u00e9tudier \u2013 mais je me suis aussi pench\u00e9e sur la question de la chaleur. Il est int\u00e9ressant de constater la forte corr\u00e9lation entre les vagues de chaleur et la hausse des temp\u00e9ratures. Nous ne disposons pas encore d\u2019indicateur sanitaire pr\u00e9cis pour cela. \u201d<\/p>\n

Wright a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que l'Afrique du Sud ne dispose pas des indicateurs de sant\u00e9 ad\u00e9quats pour comprendre pleinement comment les fortes chaleurs affectent la sant\u00e9 des populations.<\/p>\n

\u201c Id\u00e9alement, nous aimerions disposer de donn\u00e9es telles que celles sur le stress thermique, mais nous n\u2019en disposons pas dans le syst\u00e8me d\u2019information sanitaire r\u00e9gional. Nous devrions donc consulter les dossiers hospitaliers, mais ceux-ci ne sont pas num\u00e9ris\u00e9s. \u201d<\/p>\n

La plateforme permet une analyse \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle provinciale. Les premiers r\u00e9sultats indiquent que certaines r\u00e9gions du Cap-Nord sont particuli\u00e8rement vuln\u00e9rables \u00e0 la chaleur et aux vagues de chaleur, tandis que les provinces du Cap-Occidental et du Cap-Oriental sont confront\u00e9es \u00e0 des risques d'inondations importants, tout comme celles du Limpopo et du Mpumalanga. La province du Nord-Ouest est \u00e9galement expos\u00e9e aux vagues de chaleur.<\/p>\n

Wright a averti que la plateforme n'incluait pas encore d'informations socio-\u00e9conomiques et d\u00e9mographiques, ce qui rendait difficile l'identification des communaut\u00e9s les plus vuln\u00e9rables aux risques sanitaires li\u00e9s au climat.<\/p>\n

Nous n'avons pas encore int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de donn\u00e9es socio-\u00e9conomiques et d\u00e9mographiques\u00a0; nous utiliserons donc les donn\u00e9es du recensement pour \u00e9valuer l'ampleur de la vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale. Nous pourrions recourir \u00e0 un indice de vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 sociale, ce qui rend difficile, \u00e0 ce stade, d'identifier pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment les comt\u00e9s les plus vuln\u00e9rables d'un point de vue socio-\u00e9conomique. Cependant, les donn\u00e9es relatives aux ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames montrent que certains comt\u00e9s sont plus expos\u00e9s \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents types d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements climatiques extr\u00eames.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e9paration aux catastrophes<\/h4>\n

La version actuelle de la plateforme combine plusieurs ensembles de donn\u00e9es, notamment des informations historiques sur la temp\u00e9rature et les pr\u00e9cipitations provenant de l'Universit\u00e9 d'East Anglia, des enregistrements d'\u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames du Service m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique sud-africain de 1991 \u00e0 2024, des observations m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques en direct provenant d'un r\u00e9seau de capteurs en ligne et des donn\u00e9es d'indicateurs de sant\u00e9 couvrant la p\u00e9riode de 2000 \u00e0 2024.<\/p>\n

On esp\u00e8re que cette plateforme aidera les agences gouvernementales \u00e0 mieux utiliser les informations collect\u00e9es et \u00e0 passer d'une simple r\u00e9action aux catastrophes li\u00e9es au climat \u00e0 une v\u00e9ritable pr\u00e9paration.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201c Ce que je souhaite avant tout, c\u2019est que les minist\u00e8res examinent les donn\u00e9es et comprennent que les indicateurs de sant\u00e9, notamment ceux du Service national de sant\u00e9 et de tous nos \u00e9tablissements de sant\u00e9 \u00e0 travers le pays, leur appartiennent. Ils collectent ces donn\u00e9es chaque semaine ou chaque mois, et je veux qu\u2019ils constatent qu\u2019elles sont utilis\u00e9es. \u201d<\/p>\n

L'objectif est de mettre \u00e0 jour r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement la plateforme afin de pouvoir suivre les tendances \u00e9mergentes en temps quasi r\u00e9el.<\/p>\n

\u201c Nous pouvons consulter ces donn\u00e9es en temps quasi r\u00e9el. Pour l'instant, nous esp\u00e9rons que les donn\u00e9es seront mises \u00e0 jour mensuellement afin que nous puissions observer l'\u00e9volution de la situation et identifier les tendances dominantes. \u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c Lorsque vous pourrez constater ce qui se passe, nous comprendrons mieux pourquoi vous devez, \u00e0 ce stade, r\u00e9agir, car nous ne sommes peut-\u00eatre pas tr\u00e8s dou\u00e9s pour la pr\u00e9paration\u2026 Lorsqu\u2019une inondation survient, nous intervenons en urgence et essayons de g\u00e9rer les risques de catastrophe. \u201d<\/p>\n

\u201c Nous ne souhaitons vraiment pas proc\u00e9der ainsi. Nous voulons nous pr\u00e9parer, \u00eatre pr\u00eats et pr\u00e9venir les maladies et les dommages lors d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques extr\u00eames. \u201d<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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