{"id":11792,"date":"2026-06-02T17:21:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-02T15:21:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=11792"},"modified":"2026-06-02T17:21:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-02T15:21:36","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%b6-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%aa%d9%8a-%d8%aa%d8%ae%d8%aa%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b1%d8%a8%d8%b9-%d8%a3%d8%b1%d8%a7%d8%b6%d9%8a-%d8%a5%d8%ab%d9%8a%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d8%a7-%d9%85%d9%87%d8%af\/","title":{"rendered":"Terres en voie de disparition : un quart du territoire \u00e9thiopien est menac\u00e9 d'extinction."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s d'un quart des terres \u00e9thiopiennes sont d\u00e9grad\u00e9es, ayant perdu leur qualit\u00e9 et n'\u00e9tant plus capables de cultiver des plantes, de soutenir la vie v\u00e9g\u00e9tale ou de retenir l'eau comme auparavant.<\/p>\n

Les principales causes sont les pressions humaines (d\u00e9forestation, surexploitation et mauvaise gestion des terres) et les facteurs naturels (fortes pluies entra\u00eenant l'\u00e9rosion des sols et changements climatiques).<\/p>\n

Les cons\u00e9quences sont graves et g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es. La d\u00e9gradation des terres r\u00e9duit non seulement la productivit\u00e9 agricole, mais elle est aussi d\u00e9form\u00e9e par de profonds ravins, et l'eau ruisselle tr\u00e8s rapidement sur les zones touch\u00e9es lorsqu'il pleut, emportant la pr\u00e9cieuse couche arable.<\/p>\n

terres \u00e9thiopiennes<\/h4>\n

L'eau de pluie ne p\u00e9n\u00e8tre plus dans le sol, ce qui r\u00e9duit la recharge des nappes phr\u00e9atiques (la quantit\u00e9 d'eau qui alimente les aquif\u00e8res souterrains lorsqu'il pleut), et le carbone stock\u00e9 est lib\u00e9r\u00e9, aggravant encore le changement climatique.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Par cons\u00e9quent, la bonification des terres est devenue une n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 \u00e0 la fois pour le d\u00e9veloppement et face au changement climatique.<\/p>\n

Des \u00e9tudes ont d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es jouent un r\u00f4le crucial dans la r\u00e9duction de l'\u00e9rosion des sols et la restauration du couvert v\u00e9g\u00e9tal. En l'absence de p\u00e2turage, d'agriculture ou d'exploitation foresti\u00e8re, les terres de ces aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es peuvent se r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9rer naturellement en cinq ans environ, un d\u00e9lai relativement court.<\/p>\n

Cela augmente \u00e0 son tour le stock de carbone dans l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me, am\u00e9liore l'humidit\u00e9 du sol et renforce la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Outre leurs avantages environnementaux, les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es constituent \u00e9galement des barri\u00e8res utiles pour les communaut\u00e9s face \u00e0 la s\u00e9cheresse et aux inondations, car elles am\u00e9liorent la disponibilit\u00e9 en eau pendant la saison s\u00e8che, r\u00e9duisent la vitesse du d\u00e9bit d'eau pendant les inondations et favorisent la diversification des moyens de subsistance.<\/p>\n

Il existe \u00e9galement des m\u00e9thodes efficaces, peu co\u00fbteuses et adapt\u00e9es localement pour le remblayage des tranch\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

Des m\u00e9thodes simples et peu co\u00fbteuses<\/h4>\n

L'\u00e9tude a d\u00e9montr\u00e9 que des m\u00e9thodes simples et peu co\u00fbteuses permettent d'arr\u00eater rapidement l'expansion des tranch\u00e9es, \u00e9vitant ainsi la perte de grandes quantit\u00e9s de terre.<\/p>\n

Les agriculteurs ont soutenu ces mesures, et les essais pratiques sur le terrain ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper les connaissances, la confiance et la volont\u00e9 de travailler.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ces deux m\u00e9thodes \u2013 cl\u00f4turer les zones et combler les foss\u00e9s \u2013 sont \u00e0 la fois simples et efficaces. En les mettant en pratique gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'instauration d'un climat de confiance, la promotion de l'appropriation collective et la recherche d'un b\u00e9n\u00e9fice commun, les habitants de ces r\u00e9gions peuvent prot\u00e9ger leurs terres agricoles de l'\u00e9rosion des sols, r\u00e9duire les pertes de r\u00e9coltes, cultiver de l'herbe ou du fourrage pour leurs animaux et se cr\u00e9er des opportunit\u00e9s de recherche de plantes comestibles et m\u00e9dicinales locales.<\/p>\n

Les aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, lorsqu'elles sont g\u00e9r\u00e9es collectivement, fournissent de l'herbe, du fourrage, du bois de chauffage et des produits non ligneux tels que des fruits comestibles et du miel \u00e0 l'ensemble de la communaut\u00e9.<\/p>\n

C'est une bou\u00e9e de sauvetage pour les familles rurales \u00e9thiopiennes qui tentent de faire face \u00e0 la vie dans un climat de plus en plus incertain.<\/p>\n

donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques<\/h4>\n

Des donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques et les retours de la communaut\u00e9 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9s pour \u00e9tudier les zones de restauration prot\u00e9g\u00e9es et leur impact sur la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration v\u00e9g\u00e9tale, la sant\u00e9 des sols, l'\u00e9rosion, la r\u00e9tention d'eau et les moyens de subsistance locaux.<\/p>\n

Les preuves \u00e9taient frappantes\u00a0: la cr\u00e9ation de zones cl\u00f4tur\u00e9es le long des ravins est extr\u00eamement utile dans les zones sujettes \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9rosion \u2013 des zones o\u00f9 l\u2019\u00e9rosion des sols peut se propager rapidement et largement si elle n\u2019est pas stopp\u00e9e.<\/p>\n

\u00c0 Halaba, dans le centre de l'\u00c9thiopie, les agriculteurs ont constat\u00e9 la r\u00e9g\u00e9n\u00e9ration des plantes indig\u00e8nes au sein des zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es, revitalisant ainsi les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes locaux.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ces zones prot\u00e9g\u00e9es ont \u00e9galement am\u00e9lior\u00e9 l'humidit\u00e9 du sol, et lorsque des s\u00e9cheresses intermittentes et des p\u00e9nuries de fourrage sont survenues par la suite, elles ont aid\u00e9 les terres \u00e0 s'adapter.<\/p>\n

Au Tigr\u00e9, dans le nord de l'\u00c9thiopie, une autre \u00e9tude a montr\u00e9 que le stock de carbone dans l'\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me des aires prot\u00e9g\u00e9es avait augment\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative en vingt ans par rapport aux prairies voisines. \u00c0 l'heure de la variabilit\u00e9 climatique, ces r\u00e9sultats sont loin d'\u00eatre anecdotiques, mais essentiels.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11793,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,48,217],"tags":[4608,4610,4609,4611],"class_list":["post-11792","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africanews","category-reports","category-slider","tag-4608","tag-4610","tag-4609","tag-4611"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a.. \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0627\u0621 - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0625\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 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