{"id":11608,"date":"2026-06-01T20:05:42","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T18:05:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=11608"},"modified":"2026-06-01T20:05:42","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T18:05:42","slug":"%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d9%85%d9%86%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%a8-%d8%a8%d8%ad%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%83%d8%a7%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a8%d8%a7-%d9%8a%d8%ac%d8%af%d8%af-%d8%a2%d9%85%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84\/","title":{"rendered":"La mont\u00e9e des eaux du lac Kariba ravive les espoirs \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques pour la Zambie et le Zimbabwe."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/strong><\/p>\n

Au c\u0153ur du continent africain, sur la fronti\u00e8re commune entre la Zambie etZimbabwe<\/a>Le lac Kariba t\u00e9moigne de fa\u00e7on vivante de la lutte de l'homme contre la nature.<\/p>\n

Le lac, construit dans les ann\u00e9es 1950 pour \u00eatre le plus grand lac artificiel du monde en termes de volume (223 km de long et 40 km de large), n'\u00e9tait pas seulement un r\u00e9servoir d'eau, mais une source de vie qui soutient l'\u00e9nergie, la p\u00eache, le tourisme et la biodiversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Aujourd'hui, apr\u00e8s des ann\u00e9es de s\u00e9cheresse prolong\u00e9e et de canicules cons\u00e9cutives au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne El Ni\u00f1o, les rives du lac Kariba retrouvent leur vitalit\u00e9. Les indicateurs de l'Autorit\u00e9 du fleuve Zamb\u00e8ze sont encourageants\u00a0: le niveau de l'eau remonte r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l'augmentation des apports en provenance du bassin versant sup\u00e9rieur, atteignant une capacit\u00e9 de stockage utilisable de 42\u00a0401\u00a0tonnes 3\u00a0milliards de gallons (TP3T) pour la production d'\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, soit le niveau le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9 par le lac depuis 2019.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Du bord de la paralysie au seuil de la gu\u00e9rison<\/h4>\n

Pour comprendre l\u2019impact profond de cette crue, il faut examiner le contraste saisissant des chiffres de capacit\u00e9 de stockage allou\u00e9s \u00e0 la production d\u2019\u00e9nergie hydro\u00e9lectrique au cours des deux derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Indice hydrique du lac Kariba en 2024 (pic de s\u00e9cheresse), en 2026 (situation actuelle), impact direct de la transition
\nLe rapport de capacit\u00e9 de stockage d'\u00e9nergie disponible n'est que de 13%, 42,40%, ce qui augmente la stabilit\u00e9 du r\u00e9seau \u00e9lectrique et r\u00e9duit les p\u00e9riodes de coupure de courant.<\/p>\n

L\u2019espace disponible pour la faune sauvage se r\u00e9duit consid\u00e9rablement, la concurrence s\u2019intensifie, les zones de reproduction s\u2019\u00e9tendent et les taux de conflit entre les humains et les pr\u00e9dateurs diminuent.<\/p>\n

L\u2019activit\u00e9 de p\u00eache commerciale et locale s\u2019est fortement d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9e, et le recours \u00e0 des m\u00e9thodes ill\u00e9gales a permis le renouvellement des stocks de poissons, l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 alimentaire et l\u2019augmentation des revenus des p\u00eacheurs.<\/p>\n

\nDans les coulisses des souffrances sur les rives de la Cariba<\/h4>\n

La baisse du niveau de l'eau ne se r\u00e9sumait pas \u00e0 un simple chiffre sur des instruments de mesure, mais se traduisait sur le terrain par une crise complexe qui affectait aussi bien les humains que les animaux\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Guerre des crocodiles et des p\u00eacheurs<\/strong><\/p>\n

Avec la diminution des zones de reproduction et la raret\u00e9 de la nourriture, les crocodiles affam\u00e9s ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 attaquer les filets des p\u00eacheurs pour voler du poisson, leur causant de lourdes pertes en mat\u00e9riel et en temps, et beaucoup ont m\u00eame \u00e9t\u00e9 victimes d'attaques mortelles en essayant de sauver leurs prises.<\/p>\n

Se glisser dans l'interdit<\/strong><\/p>\n

La raret\u00e9 du poisson et l'invasion d'esp\u00e8ces envahissantes (comme les \u00e9crevisses) ont conduit les p\u00eacheurs \u00e0 des pratiques de p\u00eache ill\u00e9gales et dangereuses, comme frapper l'eau et rabattre les poissons avec des bateaux vers les r\u00e9cifs peu profonds, augmentant ainsi leurs chances de rencontrer des pr\u00e9dateurs ou d'\u00eatre arr\u00eat\u00e9s par les autorit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Tourisme et \u00e9nergie paralys\u00e9s<\/strong><\/p>\n

En 2024, des villes de Zambie et du Zimbabwe ont subi de graves coupures de courant qui ont paralys\u00e9 l'industrie et la vie quotidienne, tandis que les croisi\u00e8res et la navigation de plaisance ont \u00e9t\u00e9 interrompues en raison de l'ass\u00e8chement des estuaires.<\/p>\n

L\u2019Autorit\u00e9 du fleuve Zamb\u00e8ze pr\u00e9voit que le d\u00e9bit et la mont\u00e9e des eaux se poursuivront jusqu\u2019en juillet de cette ann\u00e9e. Ce d\u00e9bit engendre de nombreux avantages environnementaux et \u00e9conomiques\u00a0:<\/p>\n

Perc\u00e9e environnementale et \u00e9conomique<\/strong><\/p>\n

La mont\u00e9e des eaux entra\u00eenera une expansion des zones de reproduction des poissons et des crocodiles, ainsi qu'une plus grande disponibilit\u00e9 de nourriture naturelle pour les pr\u00e9dateurs, ce qui mettra fin au conflit entre crocodiles et p\u00eacheurs. Elle revitalisera \u00e9galement le secteur du tourisme marin, permettant aux excursions en bateau de prosp\u00e9rer \u00e0 nouveau dans les estuaires riches en biodiversit\u00e9 et abritant des oiseaux rares.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 les perspectives encourageantes actuelles, le changement climatique demeure une menace constante et les s\u00e9cheresses futures ne sont qu'une question de temps. Par cons\u00e9quent, les autorit\u00e9s locales et la communaut\u00e9 internationale doivent abandonner les politiques r\u00e9actives et commencer \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des plans proactifs et flexibles, notamment par les mesures suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n

D\u00e9velopper des projets de centrales solaires flottantes \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle au-dessus de la surface du lac, r\u00e9duisant ainsi la d\u00e9pendance exclusive \u00e0 l'\u00e9nergie hydro\u00e9lectrique et limitant simultan\u00e9ment l'\u00e9vaporation de l'eau.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Sensibiliser les communaut\u00e9s aux dangers de la s\u00e9cheresse et combiner la recherche scientifique contemporaine aux connaissances autochtones des communaut\u00e9s locales (telles que les rituels culturels et les exp\u00e9riences h\u00e9rit\u00e9es de surveillance climatique) afin de concevoir des solutions d'adaptation issues de l'environnement local.<\/p>\n

Inciter les autorit\u00e9s touristiques \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des activit\u00e9s r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives terrestres qui ne d\u00e9pendent pas du niveau de l'eau, et aider les p\u00eacheurs \u00e0 trouver des sources alternatives de revenus et de nourriture pendant les ann\u00e9es de s\u00e9cheresse afin de soutenir leur r\u00e9silience \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n

La principale le\u00e7on que nous offre aujourd'hui le lac Kariba est que la nature donne une seconde chance ; la chose intelligente \u00e0 faire est d'utiliser l'abondance actuelle d'eau pour construire des filets de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 terrestres et \u00e9conomiques qui prot\u00e8gent les communaut\u00e9s de Zambie et du Zimbabwe lorsque le ciel d\u00e9cidera \u00e0 nouveau de se faire rare.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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…<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":11610,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,217],"tags":[4533,4535,369,597,4534],"class_list":["post-11608","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africanews","category-slider","tag-4533","tag-4535","tag-369","tag-597","tag-4534"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0648\u064a - Zoom Africa News<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 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