{"id":10088,"date":"2026-05-23T19:21:54","date_gmt":"2026-05-23T17:21:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=10088"},"modified":"2026-05-23T19:21:54","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T17:21:54","slug":"%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%8c-%d8%a2%d8%ae%d8%b1-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/fr\/%d9%88%d8%ac%d9%87%d9%8c-%d8%a2%d8%ae%d8%b1-%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%b1%d8%a8-%d8%a5%d9%8a%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%86-%d8%aa%d8%b2%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%af-%d8%ae%d8%b7%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d8%b5%d8%b7%d8%af%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"Autre aspect de la guerre contre l'Iran\u00a0: le risque croissant de collisions entre les baleines et les navires au large des c\u00f4tes sud-africaines."},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9crit par : Ayman Ragab<\/strong><\/p>\n

Des scientifiques et des chercheurs ont mis en garde contre un risque accru de collisions entre les baleines et les navires le long de la c\u00f4te ouest de l'Afrique du Sud, en raison de l'augmentation significative du trafic maritime r\u00e9sultant du d\u00e9tournement des routes maritimes mondiales des zones de tension au Moyen-Orient.<\/p>\n

Alors que les troubles persistent en mer Rouge et dans le d\u00e9troit d'Ormuz, des milliers de navires marchands empruntent d\u00e9sormais le cap de Bonne-Esp\u00e9rance, ce qui entra\u00eene une augmentation significative de la densit\u00e9 du trafic maritime dans l'une des r\u00e9gions du monde abritant les baleines les plus riches en ressources baleini\u00e8res.
\nUne \u00e9tude pr\u00e9liminaire soumise \u00e0 la Commission baleini\u00e8re internationale par des chercheurs de l\u2019unit\u00e9 baleini\u00e8re de l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Pretoria, de l\u2019Institut de recherche sur les mammif\u00e8res, d\u2019Afrexis Solutions et du Fonds international pour la protection des animaux a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 un chevauchement important entre les habitats des baleines et les principales voies de navigation autour du Cap, de la baie de Saldanha et du cap des Aiguilles.<\/p>\n

cat\u00e9gorie la plus dangereuse<\/h4>\n

L'\u00e9tude a montr\u00e9 que le nombre de grands navires rapides naviguant \u00e0 des vitesses sup\u00e9rieures \u00e0 15 n\u0153uds, la cat\u00e9gorie la plus dangereuse en mati\u00e8re de collisions navire-baleine, a quadrupl\u00e9 depuis fin 2023.<\/p>\n

\"\u0645\u0636\u064a\u0642
D\u00e9troit d'Ormuz<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

L'\u00e9valuation s'est bas\u00e9e sur une analyse de la r\u00e9partition de six esp\u00e8ces de baleines, dont la baleine de Bryde, la baleine franche australe, la baleine \u00e0 bosse, le rorqual commun, le rorqual bor\u00e9al et le cachalot, ainsi que sur des donn\u00e9es relatives au trafic maritime afin de surveiller les zones dangereuses le long de la c\u00f4te sud-ouest de l'Afrique du Sud.<\/p>\n

La professeure Else Vermeulen, scientifique en chef de l'unit\u00e9 baleine, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que le risque avait augment\u00e9 simplement en raison du nombre croissant de navires traversant la zone, expliquant que l'\u00e9tude visait \u00e0 identifier les zones les plus dangereuses et leur chevauchement avec les habitats des baleines.<\/p>\n

Elle a ajout\u00e9 que la majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9c\u00e8s de baleines dus aux collisions avec des navires ne sont pas signal\u00e9s, car les accidents se produisent en mer et les baleines se noient souvent sans atteindre le rivage, ce qui fait que l'ampleur r\u00e9elle du danger n'est pas pleinement connue.<\/p>\n

Difficult\u00e9 \u00e0 documenter les accidents maritimes<\/h4>\n

Les donn\u00e9es disponibles en Afrique du Sud ont montr\u00e9 que moins de 11 000 000 des \u00e9chouages de baleines enregistr\u00e9s au cours des 50 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es \u00e9taient officiellement li\u00e9s \u00e0 des collisions avec des navires, ce qui refl\u00e8te la difficult\u00e9 de documenter les accidents maritimes.<\/p>\n

\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0644
exp\u00e9dition<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

La c\u00f4te sud-ouest de l'Afrique du Sud est l'une des voies maritimes les plus fr\u00e9quent\u00e9es, abritant des ports majeurs tels que Le Cap et la baie de Saldanha, ainsi qu'un important terminal d'exportation de min\u00e9raux, et constituant une voie essentielle pour le commerce mondial.<\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, la pression s'est accrue sur cette route maritime apr\u00e8s que quelque 18 compagnies maritimes internationales ont d\u00e9vi\u00e9 leurs navires vers le cap de Bonne-Esp\u00e9rance en raison des tensions en mer Rouge, provoquant une augmentation notable du trafic maritime le long de la c\u00f4te ouest du pays.<\/p>\n

La r\u00e9gion a \u00e9galement connu une augmentation de l'activit\u00e9 des navires de croisi\u00e8re, Le Cap ayant accueilli 83 escales de navires de croisi\u00e8re au cours de la saison 2024\/2025, ce qui co\u00efncide avec la poursuite de l'activit\u00e9 du secteur de la p\u00eache maritime de toutes sortes dans la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont averti que la combinaison d'un trafic maritime dense, d'activit\u00e9s de p\u00eache et de l'augmentation continue des populations de baleines en voie de r\u00e9tablissement a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un environnement extr\u00eamement dangereux pour les baleines sur la c\u00f4te sud-ouest.<\/p>\n

L'une des menaces mondiales les plus graves<\/h4>\n

La Commission baleini\u00e8re internationale classe les collisions avec des navires parmi les menaces mondiales les plus graves qui p\u00e8sent sur les grandes baleines, tandis que l'Organisation maritime internationale s'efforce d'\u00e9laborer des mesures mondiales pour r\u00e9duire ces risques.<\/p>\n

Un r\u00e9cent rapport international a \u00e9galement indiqu\u00e9 que l'Afrique du Sud pr\u00e9sente l'une des lacunes les plus importantes au monde en mati\u00e8re de gestion des collisions avec les baleines, appelant \u00e0 des mesures urgentes pour rem\u00e9dier \u00e0 cette crise.<\/p>\n

La c\u00f4te sud-ouest de l'Afrique du Sud et le syst\u00e8me de courants ascendants de Benguela abritent un grand nombre de baleines d'importance mondiale, notamment des baleines \u00e0 bosse, des baleines franches australes, des baleines bleues, des rorquals communs, des rorquals bor\u00e9aux et des cachalots.<\/p>\n

Ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, les scientifiques ont observ\u00e9 ce que l'on appelle des \u201d supergroupes \u201d de baleines \u00e0 bosse, qui sont d'immenses rassemblements de dizaines ou de centaines de baleines dans des zones d'alimentation limit\u00e9es associ\u00e9es \u00e0 des conditions environnementales favorables.<\/p>\n

L'\u00e9tude a confirm\u00e9 que le chevauchement important entre les habitats des baleines et les voies de navigation autour du Cap, de la baie de Saldanha, de Cape Point et du cap des Aiguilles a conduit \u00e0 l'\u00e9mergence de zones \u00e0 haut risque de collisions potentielles.<\/p>\n

Les chercheurs ont not\u00e9 que le risque de collision entre navires et baleines est devenu un probl\u00e8me urgent qui touche aussi bien les esp\u00e8ces c\u00f4ti\u00e8res que celles vivant en haute mer, soulignant la possibilit\u00e9 d'une sous-d\u00e9claration importante de ces incidents, car des donn\u00e9es ant\u00e9rieures ont montr\u00e9 que seulement 0,61 TP3T sur plus de 7 000 d\u00e9c\u00e8s ou maladies de baleines en Afrique du Sud sur une p\u00e9riode de 50 ans ont \u00e9t\u00e9 officiellement attribu\u00e9s \u00e0 des collisions avec des navires.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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