{"id":17428,"date":"2026-06-27T23:23:02","date_gmt":"2026-06-27T21:23:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/?p=17428"},"modified":"2026-06-27T23:23:02","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T21:23:02","slug":"%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/en\/%d8%b4%d8%b9%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a8%d8%a7%d9%86%d8%aa%d9%88-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ac%d9%86%d9%88%d8%a8%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%86-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ad%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%af-%d9%88%d8%a7\/","title":{"rendered":"The Southern Bantu People: Masters of Iron and Dust (3)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Prepared by Dr. Alia Amer<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>A demographer specializing in gender studies <\/strong><strong>Representative of North African countries to the African Union for Population Studies<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The southern Bantu people live in a residential unit called a Kraal, where each family lives in its own residential unit. In the northern, eastern, and western regions, we see these residential units scattered without a special system. In the central region, the residential units are close together, forming villages, each of which includes 10 to 50 Kraal residential units.<\/p>\n<h4>Kroll properties<\/h4>\n<p>The kurul, whether in a village or a town, or standing alone, is consistent in its characteristics and system; the middle part of the kurul includes a pen for heavy and light cattle, surrounded by a hedge of hawthorn, and to it the cattle take shelter at night.<\/p>\n<p>Around the enclosure and a few meters away from it are the huts in which the Kroll people live. Each hut has a small courtyard for cooking. The shape of the hut resembles a beehive among the Herero and most of the eastern tribes as well. As for the central and northern tribes, the hut is round and its roof is conical in shape. In the Kroll there is a courtyard reserved around which there is a fence for the men to sit in. Around the whole Kroll there is a thick fence of wood and hawthorn, round or oval.<\/p>\n<p>No kroll is without a special tree, stone, or block of wood erected with two branches, which serves as an altar where offerings are made and is usually placed in front of the door of the chief&#039;s hut.<\/p>\n<h4>Tribe members<\/h4>\n<p>The tribe is typically divided into clans. A clan is a unit bound by kinship or lineage. Among Eastern clans, there is a unique custom: every group of ten people has an &quot;isobongo,&quot; a name that can be called a name of honor, a name of respect, or a family name\u2014the name of the ancestor to whom the clan traces its lineage. If one wishes to address someone with respect, this honorific name must be used.<\/p>\n<p>If someone belonged to a clan descended from an ancestor named Tschesi, for example, it was considered a sign of respect to call them Ama Tsches. Instead of calling someone by their given name, it was considered a sign of respect to call them by the name of their ancestor.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-17429\" src=\"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a_\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"630\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a_\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629.jpg 630w, https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a_\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629-300x143.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a_\u0648\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0648\u0628_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0629-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>A man is not allowed to marry into a family that has the same name, and this system is hardly different from the well-known system of alienation, but they go further than that. For example, a man is not allowed to drink milk except with individuals who have the same honorific name. Among the Zulu, if a man drinks milk with an individual from another clan, he has thus become a brother to that clan, and he is not allowed to marry one of its women.<\/p>\n<h4>A slogan that unites every clan<\/h4>\n<p>It appears that the isobenjo system, or the honorific name derived from an ancestor, serves as the unifying emblem for each clan, replacing the need for a specific totem. The eastern tribes chose their ancestor as their emblem, rather than the central tribes using an animal or other symbol. However, the more familiar totemistic system exists among the central tribes, which are also divided into clans, each group of ten having its own name, the Seboko.<\/p>\n<p>However, it is not the name of a common ancestor, but rather the name of an animal, a metal like iron, or a natural phenomenon like rain. Thus, the clan&#039;s name\u2014if the Arabic usage is used\u2014would be Bani Asad (sons of lion), Bani Hadid (sons of iron), or Bani Matar (sons of rain).<br \/>\nThe dominant occupation among the southern Bantu is cattle herding and primitive agriculture. They herd cattle, sheep, and goats, from which they obtain their main food, which is milk, and a raw material for industry, which is hides. It is rare for cattle to be killed for their meat; rather, they are slaughtered for important religious or social occasions.<\/p>\n<p>However, they obtain their meat needs through hunting; and agriculture provides them with crops such as corn, sorghum, some legumes and vegetables.<\/p>\n<p>The men tend and herd the livestock, while the women are responsible for farming; among the Herero people, women also milk the animals. This is the only exception, as women are generally forbidden from any work related to livestock.<\/p>\n<h4>Bantu religion<\/h4>\n<p>As for religion and worship, it is dominated by the worship of ancestors, and the rituals performed in this regard are performed by the head of the family for his family, so he prays and offers sacrifices to the ancestors. This aspect is one of the most important factors in the cohesion of the family, and in elevating it above the competition of two brothers, between whom any dispute arises on any subject.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_17431\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17431\" style=\"width: 900px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-17431\" src=\"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/swrm_fy_lswdn_wthywby.jpg\" alt=\"\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\" width=\"900\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/swrm_fy_lswdn_wthywby.jpg 900w, https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/swrm_fy_lswdn_wthywby-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/swrm_fy_lswdn_wthywby-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/zoomafricanews.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/swrm_fy_lswdn_wthywby-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 900px) 100vw, 900px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-17431\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bantu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Religious cohesion compels the younger to submit and seek forgiveness from the older.<\/p>\n<p>This is the principle established for the entire tribe. Just as the head of the family prays to his forefathers, the former chiefs, to protect the family and ward off harm from it, so too does the leader of the tribe pray to his forefathers. He alone can ask them for mercy and compassion to remove harm from it and bestow goodness upon it. He alone offers them sacrifices and seeks a means to them. This helps to unify the tribe and strengthen the leader\u2019s position.<\/p>\n<p>Related to ancestor worship among the western tribes is the existence of the sacred fire among the Herero, where each Krul family has, on the eastern side of it, the hut of the first wife of the head of the family, and in front of this hut is the altar and near it the ancestor fire or sacred fire is always burning.<\/p>\n<p>They take great care of it day and night, carrying it into the hut at night and returning it to the altar in the morning. It is always under the watchful eye of the chief&#039;s wife. Near this fire, the bulls offered as sacrifices are slaughtered, and their skulls remain around the flames, sometimes even used as seats by the men.<\/p>\n<h4>wild fig tree<\/h4>\n<p>Near the altar is a wild fig tree, which the Herero consider a symbol of ancestral spirits. In the northern part of the Herero homeland, there is a large fig tree that they believe to be the dwelling place of ancestral spirits, and therefore they venerate it.<\/p>\n<p>Besides ancestor worship, the Bantu believe in a being who was never human. Their conception of this deity varies from tribe to tribe. They attribute to it lightning, rain, and natural phenomena in general. Among the Tsonga tribe, it is called Tilo, and they address it as &quot;Malay.&quot; Among the Zulu, they distinguish between the creator god, Unkulunkulu, the One and Only God, and another deity called Unkuzi, who is similar to the Tsonga god Tilo.<\/p>\n<p>These gods, with their many names, among the various tribes, have little involvement in people&#039;s lives and also rarely in their worship.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u062f. \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u064a\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u064a\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0643\u0631\u0648\u0644 Kraal \u0628\u062d\u064a\u062b \u062a\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u0643\u0644 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0649 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0646\u0631\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0628\u0639\u062b\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0645 &hellip;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":17430,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3386,217,41],"tags":[6549,6946,6947,4651,6033,6948,6036],"class_list":["post-17428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-africastory","category-slider","category-socity","tag-6549","tag-6946","tag-6947","tag-4651","tag-6033","tag-6948","tag-6036"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0646.. \u0623\u0633\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f 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