May 20th... the day Cameroonians ended the federal system of government

Written by Ziad Abdel Fattah: 

Cameroon celebrates its National Day, also known as Unity Day Every year on May 20, Cameroon celebrates the anniversary of the historic referendum held on May 20, 1972, in which the Cameroonian people voted to end the federal system of government and establish a “single united state” that would bring together the two parts of the country, Eastern Cameroon and Western Cameroon. It is a major national holiday, meaning that schools, government offices and most businesses are closed so that citizens can participate in the celebrations.

Prior to May 20, 1972, Cameroon operated under a federal system, and the country was divided into two distinct states based on its colonial history, one French-speaking and the other English-speaking.

Witness to the dissolution of the federal system in Cameroon

During a referendum in 1972, citizens voted to dissolve the federal system and chose to transform the country into a unitary state. This pivotal vote led to the establishment of the United Republic of Cameroon. For this reason, May 20 is a celebration of national unity, highlighting the importance of unity as a fundamental and central value for the country's future.

The holiday reflects Cameroon's identity as a diverse yet united people, offering citizens a dedicated opportunity to celebrate their shared values and history. Celebrating this day contributes to strengthening the bonds that unite the nation.

Major military parades to celebrate Unity Day

The celebrations take many forms, including in Cameroon. Major military paradesThese events, which take place in the capital Yaoundé, include parades held on May 20th Avenue with the participation of various branches of the armed forces.

While schools and universities, along with unions and civil associations, participate in mass marches raising national flags, as well as cultural events such as organizing artistic performances, singing competitions and folk dances that reflect the cultural and heritage diversity of the country, which is known as “Mini Africa”.

The President of the Republic will also deliver a speech to the nation, addressing the achievements of national unity and future development plans, while the streets, government buildings and schools are decorated with the colors of the Cameroonian flag, which includes green, red and yellow.

Cameroon's National Day is one of the country's most important official holidays, serving as a powerful reminder of the nation's journey towards unity and its rich and diverse cultural heritage.

According to Remitly, understanding this holiday requires looking at Cameroon’s unique past. Cameroon is often described as “Africa in miniature” due to its geographical and cultural diversity. It is home to more than 200 ethnic groups, as well as a distinctive mix of French- and English-speaking regions. The national day highlights this rich tapestry of identities that unite under one flag.